JLPT N4 vocabulary — batch 2

This is one of seven reviewable batches that make up the knowledge base's N4 vocabulary study set. The JLPT publishes no official vocabulary list; the set follows the ordering and headwords of the Tanos N4 vocabulary list and is a community study target, not an official coverage guarantee.

Lexical facts (headword forms, readings, parts of speech, meanings, transitivity, usage labels, alternative forms) are backed by JMdict via the jmdict-simplified JSON distribution; the N4 classification itself comes from the community list. The study list's own glosses are used only as the membership record — every learner-facing meaning here is the dictionary meaning.

Furigana segmentation comes from JmdictFurigana; corpus example sentences come from the Tanaka corpus via Tatoeba as distributed with JMdict (each carries its Tatoeba sentence id); the everyday-frequency indicator comes from TUBELEX Japanese subtitle frequency data. Frequency describes how common a written form is in contemporary everyday speech — it is not a prediction about the JLPT.

Study set (batch 2)

Word	Reading	Meaning	Notes
思う	おもう	to think; to consider; to believe
おもちゃ	おもちゃ	toy	Kana-only headword.
表	おもて	face (i.e. the visible side of an object)
親	おや	parent; parents; mother and father
下りる	おりる	to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to disembark
折る	おる	to break; to fracture; to break off
お礼	おれい	thanks; gratitude
折れる	おれる	to break; to be broken; to snap
終わり	おわり	end; ending; close
カーテン	カーテン	curtain; curtains	Kana-only headword.
海岸	かいがん	seashore; coast; seaside
会議	かいぎ	meeting; conference; session
会議室	かいぎしつ	conference room; council room
会場	かいじょう	assembly hall; meeting place; venue
会話	かいわ	conversation; talk; chat
帰り	かえり	return; coming back
変える	かえる	to change; to alter; to transform
科学	かがく	science
鏡	かがみ	mirror; looking-glass
掛ける	かける	to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from)
飾る	かざる	to decorate; to ornament; to adorn
火事	かじ	fire; conflagration
ガス	ガス	gasoline; gas; petrol	Kana-only headword.
ガソリン	ガソリン	gasoline; petrol	Kana-only headword.
ガソリンスタンド	ガソリンスタンド	gas station; petrol station; filling station	Kana-only headword.
固い	かたい	hard; solid; tough
形	かたち	(physical) form; shape; figure
片付ける	かたづける	to put in order; to tidy up; to clean up
課長	かちょう	section manager; section chief
勝つ	かつ	to win; to gain victory
かっこう	かっこう	appearance; style	Kana-only headword.
家内	かない	(my) wife
悲しい	かなしい	sad; miserable; unhappy
必ず	かならず	always; without exception; necessarily
お金持ち	おかねもち	rich person; wealthy person
彼女	かのじょ	she; her
壁	かべ	wall; partition
かまう	かまう	to mind; to care about; to be concerned about	Kana-only headword.
髪	かみ	hair (on the head)
噛む	かむ	to bite
通う	かよう	to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to commute
ガラス	ガラス	glass; pane	Kana-only headword.
彼	かれ	boyfriend
彼ら	かれら	they; them
乾く	かわく	to get dry
代わり	かわり	substitute; replacement; substituting
変わる	かわる	to change; to be transformed; to be altered
考える	かんがえる	to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for
関係	かんけい	relation; relationship; connection
看護婦	かんごふ	(female) nurse
簡単	かんたん	simple; easy; uncomplicated
気	き	spirit; mind; heart
機会	きかい	chance; opportunity; occasion
危険	きけん	danger; peril; hazard
聞こえる	きこえる	to be heard; to be audible; to reach one's ears
汽車	きしゃ	steam locomotive; steam train
技術	ぎじゅつ	technology; engineering
季節	きせつ	season; time of year
規則	きそく	rule; regulation
きっと	きっと	surely; undoubtedly; almost certainly	Kana-only headword.
絹	きぬ	silk
厳しい	きびしい	severe; strict; rigid
気分	きぶん	feeling; mood
決まる	きまる	to be decided; to be settled; to be fixed
君	きみ	you; buddy; pal
決める	きめる	to decide; to choose; to determine
気持ち	きもち	feeling; sensation; mood
着物	きもの	kimono; Japanese traditional clothing (esp. full-length)
客	きゃく	guest; visitor
急	きゅう	urgent; pressing
急行	きゅうこう	express (train)
教育	きょういく	education; schooling; training
教会	きょうかい	church; congregation
競争	きょうそう	competition; contest; rivalry
興味	きょうみ	interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
近所	きんじょ	neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity
具合	ぐあい	condition; state
空気	くうき	air; atmosphere
空港	くうこう	airport
草	くさ	grass; weed; herb
くださる	くださる	to give; to confer; to bestow	Kana-only headword.
首	くび	neck
雲	くも	cloud
比べる	くらべる	to compare; to make a comparison (between)
くれる	くれる	to give; to let (one) have	Kana-only headword.
暮れる	くれる	to get dark; to grow dark
君	くん	Mr; master; boy
毛	け	hair
計画	けいかく	plan; project; schedule	Study list writes 計画する; the JMdict headword is 計画 (noun) with suru-verb 計画する.
経験	けいけん	experience	Study list writes 経験する; the JMdict headword is 経験 (noun) with suru-verb 経験する.
経済	けいざい	economy; economics
警察	けいさつ	police
ケーキ	ケーキ	cake	Kana-only headword.
けが	けが	injury; wound	Kana-only headword. Study list writes けがする; the JMdict headword is 怪我 (noun) with suru-verb 怪我する.
景色	けしき	scenery; scene; landscape
消しゴム	けしゴム	eraser; rubber
下宿	げしゅく	boarding; lodging; board and lodging
決して	けっして	(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least
けれど/けれども	けれど/けれども	but; however; although	Kana-only headword.
原因	げんいん	cause; origin; source

Detailed entries

思う — おもう

godan verb (う); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
• Also: to think (of doing); to judge; to imagine
• Furigana: 思(おも)う
• Kanji: 思う; rare/historical: 想う, 憶う, 念う, 懐う
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 34 of ~351k · 763,280 occurrences across 73,922 videos
• Related: 思い出す (おもいだす, to recall)
• Corpus example: 晴れだと思うよ。 — I think it will be sunny. (Tatoeba 143025)
• Source: JMdict 1589350 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

おもちゃ

noun · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: toy
• Also: (person or thing treated as a) plaything (usually kana)
• Kanji: 玩具
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,308 of ~351k · 3,009 occurrences across 1,583 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Example: 子どもがおもちゃで遊んでいます。 — A child is playing with a toy. (original)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1217070 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

表 — おもて

noun · common word

• Meanings: face (i.e. the visible side of an object)
• Also: surface; front (of a building, etc.); outside
• Furigana: 表(おもて)
• Kanji: 表
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,026 of ~351k · 11,603 occurrences across 5,647 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Antonyms: 裏
• Corpus example: この紙はどちらが表だか見分けがつかない。 — I cannot tell which is the right side of this paper. (Tatoeba 221729)
• Source: JMdict 1489340 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

親 — おや

noun · common word

• Meanings: parent; parents; mother and father
• Also: dealer; founder; (pet) owner
• Furigana: 親(おや)
• Kanji: 親 (N4); rare/historical: 祖
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,096 of ~351k · 10,956 occurrences across 4,786 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 親切 (しんせつ, kind)
• Corpus example: アナは、親が知らないうちに結婚した。 — Anna married without the knowledge of her parents. (Tatoeba 229561)
• Source: JMdict 1365040 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

下りる — おりる

ichidan verb (る-verb); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to disembark; to dismount
• Also: to descend (e.g. a mountain); to step down; to be granted
• Furigana: 下(お)りる
• Kanji: 下りる, 降りる
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 950 of ~351k · 12,526 occurrences across 6,207 videos
• Related: 降り出す (ふりだす, to begin to rain)
• Corpus example: ここで降りましょう。 — Let's get off here. (Tatoeba 224559)
• Source: JMdict 1589500 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

折る — おる

godan verb (る); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to break; to fracture; to break off; to snap off; to pick (e.g. flowers)
• Also: to fold; to make (origami); to interrupt
• Furigana: 折(お)る
• Kanji: 折る
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,136 of ~351k · 3,216 occurrences across 1,454 videos
• Related: 折れる (おれる, to break)
• Example: 紙を二つに折りました。 — I folded the paper in two. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1385910 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

お礼 — おれい

noun · polite · common word

• Meanings: thanks; gratitude
• Also: manners (polite); bow (polite); reward (polite)
• Furigana: お礼(れい)
• Kanji: お礼; rare/historical: 御礼
• Example: 手伝ってくれた人にお礼を言いました。 — I thanked the person who helped me. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1270810 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

折れる — おれる

ichidan verb (る-verb); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to break; to be broken; to snap; to fracture
• Also: to be folded; to give in; to turn (a corner)
• Furigana: 折(お)れる
• Kanji: 折れる
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,901 of ~351k · 3,584 occurrences across 2,242 videos
• Related: 折る (おる, to break)
• Corpus example: 医者は彼の折れた足をついだ。 — The doctor set his broken leg. (Tatoeba 190767)
• Source: JMdict 1385920 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

終わり — おわり

noun · common word

• Meanings: end; ending; close; conclusion
• Also: end of (one's) life
• Furigana: 終(お)わり
• Kanji: 終わり; rare/historical: 終り, 終
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 733 of ~351k · 16,257 occurrences across 10,420 videos
• Corpus example: それは授業の終わりだった。 — That was the end of the class. (Tatoeba 205089)
• Source: JMdict 1589590 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

カーテン

noun · common word

• Meanings: curtain; curtains
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,965 of ~351k · 1,746 occurrences across 872 videos
• Corpus example: カーテンが風になびいた。 — The curtains blew in the wind. (Tatoeba 226491)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1036290 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

海岸 — かいがん

noun · common word

• Meanings: seashore; coast; seaside; waterfront; beach
• Furigana: 海(かい)岸(がん)
• Kanji: 海岸
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,444 of ~351k · 2,044 occurrences across 1,072 videos
• Corpus example: このバスは、海岸に行きますか。 — Does this bus go to the beach? (Tatoeba 223352)
• Source: JMdict 1201280 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

会議 — かいぎ

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive; transitive · common word

• Meanings: meeting; conference; session; assembly; council
• Furigana: 会(かい)議(ぎ)
• Kanji: 会議
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,523 of ~351k · 7,731 occurrences across 3,082 videos
• Related: 会議室 (かいぎしつ, conference room) · 会場 (かいじょう, assembly hall) · 会話 (かいわ, conversation) · 機会 (きかい, chance) · 教会 (きょうかい, church)
• Example: 午後二時から会議があります。 — There is a meeting from two in the afternoon. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1198360 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

会議室 — かいぎしつ

noun · common word

• Meanings: conference room; council room
• Furigana: 会(かい)議(ぎ)室(しつ)
• Kanji: 会議室
• Related: 会議 (かいぎ, meeting) · 会場 (かいじょう, assembly hall) · 会話 (かいわ, conversation) · 機会 (きかい, chance) · 教会 (きょうかい, church)
• Example: 会議室は五階にあります。 — The meeting room is on the fifth floor. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1198380 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

会場 — かいじょう

noun · common word

• Meanings: assembly hall; meeting place; venue; site; grounds
• Furigana: 会(かい)場(じょう)
• Kanji: 会場
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,007 of ~351k · 5,686 occurrences across 2,984 videos
• Related: 会議 (かいぎ, meeting) · 会議室 (かいぎしつ, conference room) · 会話 (かいわ, conversation) · 機会 (きかい, chance) · 教会 (きょうかい, church)
• Corpus example: 私たちは会場の後ろに座った。 — We sat at the back of the hall. (Tatoeba 166008)
• Source: JMdict 1198660 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

会話 — かいわ

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: conversation; talk; chat
• Furigana: 会(かい)話(わ)
• Kanji: 会話
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,710 of ~351k · 6,795 occurrences across 3,799 videos
• Related: 会議 (かいぎ, meeting) · 会議室 (かいぎしつ, conference room) · 会場 (かいじょう, assembly hall) · 機会 (きかい, chance) · 教会 (きょうかい, church)
• Example: 日本語で会話を練習しています。 — I am practising conversation in Japanese. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1198880 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

帰り — かえり

noun · common word

• Meanings: return; coming back
• Furigana: 帰(かえ)り
• Kanji: 帰り; rare/historical: 還り
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,135 of ~351k · 3,219 occurrences across 2,330 videos
• Corpus example: どうして帰りがこんなに遅くなったの。 — Why did you come home so late? (Tatoeba 201483)
• Source: JMdict 1221250 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

変える — かえる

ichidan verb (る-verb); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to change; to alter; to transform; to convert; to turn
• Also: to reform
• Furigana: 変(か)える
• Kanji: 変える
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 354 of ~351k · 36,049 occurrences across 17,431 videos
• Related: 変わる (かわる, to change) · 変 (へん, strange)
• Corpus example: なんで彼は考えを変えたのか。 — What made him change his mind? (Tatoeba 198868)
• Source: JMdict 1510650 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

科学 — かがく

noun · common word

• Meanings: science
• Also: to think about scientifically
• Furigana: 科(か)学(がく)
• Kanji: 科学; rare/historical: 科學
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,706 of ~351k · 6,806 occurrences across 2,919 videos
• Example: 科学の本を読みました。 — I read a science book. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1192700 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

鏡 — かがみ

noun · common word

• Meanings: mirror; looking-glass
• Also: barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi (abbreviation)
• Furigana: 鏡(かがみ)
• Kanji: 鏡
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,803 of ~351k · 6,467 occurrences across 2,730 videos
• Corpus example: 海は鏡のようになめらかだった。 — The sea was as smooth as glass. (Tatoeba 185094)
• Notes: This reading has other homographs in the dictionary; the entry above is the sense matching the study list.
• Source: JMdict 1238550 · mapping: accepted · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

掛ける — かける

ichidan verb (る-verb); transitive · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag)
• Also: to put on (e.g. a blanket) (usually kana); to put on (glasses, etc.) (usually kana); to make (a call) (usually kana)
• Furigana: 掛(か)ける
• Kanji: 掛ける; rare/historical: 懸ける
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 230 of ~351k · 57,803 occurrences across 25,144 videos
• Example: コートをハンガーに掛けました。 — I hung my coat on the hanger. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1207610 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

飾る — かざる

godan verb (る); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to decorate; to ornament; to adorn
• Also: to display; to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to affect (a manner)
• Furigana: 飾(かざ)る
• Kanji: 飾る; rare/historical: 餝る, 錺る, 荘る
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,536 of ~351k · 4,264 occurrences across 2,658 videos
• Example: 部屋を花で飾りました。 — I decorated the room with flowers. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1357210 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

火事 — かじ

noun · common word

• Meanings: fire; conflagration
• Furigana: 火(か)事(じ)
• Kanji: 火事
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 6,209 of ~351k · 1,262 occurrences across 772 videos
• Related: 火 (ひ, fire)
• Corpus example: 火事の際は１１９番に電話してください。 — In the case of fire, dial 119. (Tatoeba 186687)
• Source: JMdict 1193950 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

ガス

noun · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: gasoline; gas; petrol
• Also: gas (as a fuel) (usually kana); gas (state of matter) (usually kana); poison gas (usually kana)
• Kanji: usually written in kana; rare/historical: 瓦斯
• Example: ガスを消してから出かけました。 — I turned off the gas before going out. (original)
• Notes: Kana-only headword. The study list's gloss for this entry was a loose paraphrase; the dictionary meanings above are authoritative.
• Source: JMdict 1040060 · mapping: accepted-gloss-disagreement · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

ガソリン

noun · common word

• Meanings: gasoline; petrol
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,910 of ~351k · 3,565 occurrences across 1,405 videos
• Example: 車にガソリンを入れました。 — I filled the car with petrol. (original)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1040250 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

ガソリンスタンド

noun · common word

• Meanings: gas station; petrol station; filling station
• Corpus example: この辺にガソリンスタンドはありますか。 — Is there a gas station around here? (Tatoeba 219882)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1040260 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

固い — かたい

い-adjective · common word

• Meanings: hard; solid; tough
• Also: stiff; strong; safe
• Furigana: 固(かた)い
• Kanji: 固い, 硬い, 堅い; rare/historical: 緊い
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,021 of ~351k · 11,631 occurrences across 6,655 videos
• Corpus example: 卵は硬くゆでてください。 — Boil the eggs hard. (Tatoeba 78488)
• Source: JMdict 1257110 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

形 — かたち

noun · common word

• Meanings: (physical) form; shape; figure
• Also: visage; form (as opposed to substance); (resultant) state
• Furigana: 形(かたち)
• Kanji: 形; rare/historical: 容, 貌
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 186 of ~351k · 73,145 occurrences across 25,828 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 人形 (にんぎょう, doll)
• Corpus example: 物質は温度によって形を変える。 — Matter changes its form according to temperature. (Tatoeba 83744)
• Source: JMdict 1250220 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

片付ける — かたづける

ichidan verb (る-verb); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to put in order; to tidy up; to clean up; to put away; to clear away
• Also: to settle (a matter); to finish; to marry off (one's daughter)
• Furigana: 片(かた)付(づ)ける
• Kanji: 片付ける; rare/historical: 片づける, 嫁ける
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,299 of ~351k · 2,148 occurrences across 1,459 videos
• Example: 机の上を片付けました。 — I tidied up my desk. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1511790 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

課長 — かちょう

noun · common word

• Meanings: section manager; section chief
• Furigana: 課(か)長(ちょう)
• Kanji: 課長
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 6,787 of ~351k · 1,111 occurrences across 339 videos
• Example: 課長に仕事のことを相談しました。 — I consulted my section chief about work. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1195840 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

勝つ — かつ

godan verb (つ); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to win; to gain victory
• Furigana: 勝(か)つ
• Kanji: 勝つ; rare/historical: 克つ, 贏つ
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 662 of ~351k · 17,893 occurrences across 7,565 videos
• Corpus example: この病気に勝てる人は少ない。 — Not many survive this disease. (Tatoeba 220108)
• Source: JMdict 1346150 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

かっこう

noun · common word

• Meanings: appearance; style
• Also: shape; state; suitable
• Kanji: 格好; rare/historical: 恰好
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 467 of ~351k · 26,406 occurrences across 10,871 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Example: その服はかっこうがいいですね。 — Those clothes look stylish. (original)
• Notes: Kana-only headword. This reading has other homographs in the dictionary; the entry above is the sense matching the study list.
• Source: JMdict 1590480 · mapping: accepted · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

家内 — かない

noun · humble · common word

• Meanings: (my) wife
• Also: inside the home
• Furigana: 家(か)内(ない)
• Kanji: 家内
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 13,176 of ~351k · 400 occurrences across 226 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: 家内は海外旅行中で、よく電話をかけてくる。 — My wife often rings me up, while she travels abroad. (Tatoeba 186897)
• Notes: The study list's gloss for this entry was a loose paraphrase; the dictionary meanings above are authoritative.
• Source: JMdict 1192420 · mapping: accepted-gloss-disagreement · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

悲しい — かなしい

い-adjective · common word

• Meanings: sad; miserable; unhappy; sorrowful
• Also: sad
• Furigana: 悲(かな)しい
• Kanji: 悲しい; rare/historical: 哀しい, 愛しい
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,050 of ~351k · 5,555 occurrences across 3,688 videos
• Corpus example: そんな悲しい目で見ないで。 — Don't give me such a sad look. (Tatoeba 1502040)
• Source: JMdict 1483190 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

必ず — かならず

adverb · common word

• Meanings: always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail
• Furigana: 必(かなら)ず
• Kanji: 必ず
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 666 of ~351k · 17,807 occurrences across 10,821 videos
• Related: 必要 (ひつよう, necessary)
• Corpus example: あの歌は必ずヒットするよ。 — That song's bound to be a hit. (Tatoeba 231158)
• Source: JMdict 1487400 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

お金持ち — おかねもち

noun · common word

• Meanings: rich person; wealthy person
• Furigana: お金(かね)持(も)ち
• Kanji: お金持ち; rare/historical: お金もち, お金持, おカネ持ち, 御金持ち
• Example: 彼はお金持ちではありません。 — He is not rich. (original)
• Source: JMdict 2429350 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

彼女 — かのじょ

pronoun · common word

• Meanings: she; her
• Also: girlfriend
• Furigana: 彼(かの)女(じょ)
• Kanji: 彼女
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 562 of ~351k · 21,312 occurrences across 5,085 videos
• Related: 彼 (かれ, boyfriend) · 彼ら (かれら, they)
• Example: 彼女はとても親切な人です。 — She is a very kind person. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1483150 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

壁 — かべ

noun · common word

• Meanings: wall; partition
• Also: barrier; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); wall (of stones)
• Furigana: 壁(かべ)
• Kanji: 壁
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 868 of ~351k · 13,634 occurrences across 6,025 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Example: 壁に時計が掛けてあります。 — A clock is hung on the wall. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1509290 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

かまう

godan verb (う); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to mind; to care about; to be concerned about; to have a regard for
• Also: to be an issue; to keep company (usually kana); to interfere with
• Kanji: 構う
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,174 of ~351k · 5,182 occurrences across 3,641 videos
• Corpus example: ６時に起きるのはかまわない。 — I don't mind getting up at six. (Tatoeba 235055)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1279680 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

髪 — かみ

noun · common word

• Meanings: hair (on the head)
• Furigana: 髪(かみ)
• Kanji: 髪; rare/historical: 髮
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,860 of ~351k · 6,248 occurrences across 3,064 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: その洋服は彼女の赤い髪に合う。 — That dress matches her red hair. (Tatoeba 206266)
• Source: JMdict 1477950 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

噛む — かむ

godan verb (む); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to bite
• Also: to chew; to fumble one's words (esp. during a play, broadcast, etc.); to crash against (e.g. of waves)
• Furigana: 噛(か)む
• Kanji: 噛む, 咬む; rare/historical: 嚙む, 嚼む
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,421 of ~351k · 4,531 occurrences across 2,618 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Example: リンゴをよく噛んで食べてください。 — Chew the apple well before swallowing. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1209240 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

通う — かよう

godan verb (う); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to commute; to frequent
• Also: to go to and from (a place); to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to resemble
• Furigana: 通(かよ)う
• Kanji: 通う
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,656 of ~351k · 6,991 occurrences across 4,892 videos
• Related: 交通 (こうつう, traffic) · 通る (とおる, to go by) · 普通 (ふつう, normally)
• Example: 学校まで電車で通っています。 — I commute to school by train. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1432850 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

ガラス

noun · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: glass; pane
• Kanji: usually written in kana; rare/historical: 硝子
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): less frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 33,355 of ~351k · 76 occurrences across 47 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: テーブルの上にガラスのコップがある。 — There is a glass on the table. (Tatoeba 202406)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1040380 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

彼 — かれ

pronoun · common word

• Meanings: boyfriend
• Also: he
• Furigana: 彼(かれ)
• Kanji: 彼
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 188 of ~351k · 72,976 occurrences across 16,430 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 彼女 (かのじょ, she) · 彼ら (かれら, they)
• Corpus example: 私の前の彼はポルトガル育ちでした。 — My ex-boyfriend was brought up in Portugal. (Tatoeba 163186)
• Source: JMdict 1483070 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

彼ら — かれら

pronoun · common word

• Meanings: they; them
• Furigana: 彼(かれ)ら
• Kanji: 彼ら; rare/historical: 彼等
• Related: 彼女 (かのじょ, she) · 彼 (かれ, boyfriend)
• Corpus example: 間もなく彼らは結婚します。 — It won't be long before they get married. (Tatoeba 183762)
• Source: JMdict 1483090 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

乾く — かわく

godan verb (く); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to get dry
• Furigana: 乾(かわ)く
• Kanji: 乾く
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,597 of ~351k · 4,131 occurrences across 2,288 videos
• Corpus example: そのぬれたシャツはすぐに乾くだろう。 — The wet shirt will soon dry up. (Tatoeba 212788)
• Source: JMdict 1209650 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

代わり — かわり

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: substitute; replacement; substituting; replacing
• Also: stand-in; compensation; another helping
• Furigana: 代(か)わり
• Kanji: 代わり, 替わり; rare/historical: 代り, 替り
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,401 of ~351k · 8,491 occurrences across 6,434 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 時代 (じだい, period)
• Corpus example: 自分で行く代わりに手紙を送りました。 — Instead of going myself, I sent a letter. (Tatoeba 190489)
• Source: JMdict 1590770 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

変わる — かわる

godan verb (る); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to change; to be transformed; to be altered; to vary
• Also: to move to; to be different
• Furigana: 変(か)わる
• Kanji: 変わる; rare/historical: 変る
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 215 of ~351k · 62,014 occurrences across 27,355 videos
• Related: 変える (かえる, to change) · 変 (へん, strange)
• Corpus example: 私のE-mailアドレスが変わりました。 — My e-mail address has been changed. (Tatoeba 164315)
• Source: JMdict 1510790 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

考える — かんがえる

ichidan verb (る-verb); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
• Also: to think (about, of); to think (that); to intend (to do)
• Furigana: 考(かんが)える
• Kanji: 考える; rare/historical: 勘える, 稽える
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 134 of ~351k · 116,944 occurrences across 35,139 videos
• Example: 問題についてよく考えました。 — I thought carefully about the problem. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1281020 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

関係 — かんけい

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: relation; relationship; connection
• Also: participation; influence; sexual relations
• Furigana: 関(かん)係(けい)
• Kanji: 関係
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 261 of ~351k · 49,386 occurrences across 20,082 videos
• Corpus example: これとあれはどういう関係があるの。 — How is this connected to that? (Tatoeba 218747)
• Source: JMdict 1215810 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

看護婦 — かんごふ

noun · common word

• Meanings: (female) nurse
• Furigana: 看(かん)護(ご)婦(ふ)
• Kanji: 看護婦
• Corpus example: なぜ看護婦になりたいのですか。 — Why do you want to be a nurse? (Tatoeba 199207)
• Notes: 看護婦 is the older term for a female nurse; in modern usage the neutral 看護師 (かんごし, nurse) is standard. The study-list membership is kept for provenance; recognise 看護師 as the everyday form.
• Source: JMdict 1213870 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

簡単 — かんたん

な-adjective; noun · common word

• Meanings: simple; easy; uncomplicated
• Also: brief
• Furigana: 簡(かん)単(たん)
• Kanji: 簡単; rare/historical: 簡短, 簡端
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 368 of ~351k · 34,442 occurrences across 18,976 videos
• Corpus example: テニスをすることは私には簡単だ。 — Playing tennis is easy for me. (Tatoeba 202171)
• Source: JMdict 1214330 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

気 — き

noun · common word

• Meanings: spirit; mind; heart
• Also: nature; intention; mood
• Furigana: 気(き)
• Kanji: 気; rare/historical: 氣
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 121 of ~351k · 128,652 occurrences across 41,728 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 気分 (きぶん, feeling) · 気持ち (きもち, feeling) · 空気 (くうき, air) · 天気予報 (てんきよほう, weather forecast)
• Corpus example: 彼は年はとっているが気は若い。 — Though he is old, he has a youthful spirit. (Tatoeba 101365)
• Source: JMdict 1221520 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

機会 — きかい

noun · common word

• Meanings: chance; opportunity; occasion
• Furigana: 機(き)会(かい)
• Kanji: 機会
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,179 of ~351k · 10,206 occurrences across 7,239 videos
• Corpus example: またの機会にしましょう。 — Let's make it some other time. (Tatoeba 195481)
• Source: JMdict 1220800 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

危険 — きけん

noun; な-adjective · common word

• Meanings: danger; peril; hazard
• Also: risk
• Furigana: 危(き)険(けん)
• Kanji: 危険
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,211 of ~351k · 9,873 occurrences across 5,738 videos
• Antonyms: 安全
• Example: この道は夜は危険です。 — This road is dangerous at night. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1218560 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

聞こえる — きこえる

ichidan verb (る-verb); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to be heard; to be audible; to reach one's ears
• Also: to sound (like); to be well known; to accept (someone's words) (dated)
• Furigana: 聞(き)こえる
• Kanji: 聞こえる; rare/historical: 聞える, 聴こえる, 聴える
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 775 of ~351k · 15,395 occurrences across 6,699 videos
• Related: 新聞社 (しんぶんしゃ, newspaper company)
• Example: 遠くから音楽が聞こえます。 — I can hear music from far away. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1591150 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

汽車 — きしゃ

noun · dated · common word

• Meanings: steam locomotive; steam train
• Also: (long-distance) train (dated); non-electric train
• Furigana: 汽(き)車(しゃ)
• Kanji: 汽車; rare/historical: 滊車
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 11,007 of ~351k · 534 occurrences across 257 videos
• Corpus example: 直してある古い汽車に乗ることも出来ます。 — You can also ride on an old, restored, steam train. (Tatoeba 530956)
• Notes: 汽車 originally meant a steam train; in modern everyday usage 電車 (train, literally electric train) and 列車 are the usual words. 汽車 still appears in place names and historical contexts.
• Source: JMdict 1222700 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

技術 — ぎじゅつ

noun · common word

• Meanings: technology; engineering
• Also: technique; art
• Furigana: 技(ぎ)術(じゅつ)
• Kanji: 技術
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 699 of ~351k · 17,003 occurrences across 7,238 videos
• Example: この会社は技術が進んでいます。 — This company has advanced technology. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1225130 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

季節 — きせつ

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: season; time of year
• Furigana: 季(き)節(せつ)
• Kanji: 季節
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,371 of ~351k · 4,616 occurrences across 3,142 videos
• Corpus example: この季節は卵が安い。 — Eggs are cheap this season. (Tatoeba 222446)
• Source: JMdict 1222840 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

規則 — きそく

noun · common word

• Meanings: rule; regulation
• Furigana: 規(き)則(そく)
• Kanji: 規則
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 5,356 of ~351k · 1,554 occurrences across 926 videos
• Corpus example: この規則はあなたにも当てはまる。 — This rule applies to you, too. (Tatoeba 222439)
• Notes: The study list's gloss for this entry was a loose paraphrase; the dictionary meanings above are authoritative.
• Source: JMdict 1223021 · mapping: accepted-gloss-disagreement · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

きっと

adverb · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: surely; undoubtedly; almost certainly; most likely (e.g. 90 percent)
• Also: sternly (usually kana); having no slack (usually kana); suddenly (usually kana)
• Kanji: usually written in kana; rare/historical: 屹度, 急度
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 892 of ~351k · 13,313 occurrences across 7,412 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Example: 明日はきっと晴れます。 — It will surely be fine tomorrow. (original)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1003430 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

絹 — きぬ

noun · common word

• Meanings: silk
• Furigana: 絹(きぬ)
• Kanji: 絹
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 13,868 of ~351k · 370 occurrences across 246 videos
• Corpus example: この美しいドレスは絹で出来ている。 — This beautiful dress is made of silk. (Tatoeba 220131)
• Source: JMdict 1258710 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

厳しい — きびしい

い-adjective · common word

• Meanings: severe; strict; rigid; unsparing; relentless
• Also: hard (to do); intense (e.g. cold)
• Furigana: 厳(きび)しい
• Kanji: 厳しい; rare/historical: 酷しい
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 987 of ~351k · 12,023 occurrences across 7,423 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Example: 先生は学生に厳しいです。 — The teacher is strict with the students. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1262530 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

気分 — きぶん

noun · common word

• Meanings: feeling; mood
• Furigana: 気(き)分(ぶん)
• Kanji: 気分
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,676 of ~351k · 6,917 occurrences across 4,868 videos
• Related: 気 (き, spirit) · 気持ち (きもち, feeling) · 空気 (くうき, air) · 天気予報 (てんきよほう, weather forecast)
• Corpus example: とても気分がリフレッシュされる。 — I feel like a brand new person. (Tatoeba 200604)
• Source: JMdict 1222590 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

決まる — きまる

godan verb (る); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to be decided; to be settled; to be fixed; to be arranged
• Also: to be unchanging; to be a fixed rule; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
• Furigana: 決(き)まる
• Kanji: 決まる; rare/historical: 決る, 極る
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 816 of ~351k · 14,514 occurrences across 9,295 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 決める (きめる, to decide) · 決して (けっして, (not) ever)
• Corpus example: いつ始めるのかはまだ決まっていない。 — It is still undecided when we will begin. (Tatoeba 228654)
• Notes: The study list spelled this 決る; the modern common spelling is 決まる.
• Source: JMdict 1591420 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

君 — きみ

pronoun · familiar · common word

• Meanings: you; buddy; pal
• Also: monarch; he (polite)
• Furigana: 君(きみ)
• Kanji: 君; rare/historical: 公
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 339 of ~351k · 37,743 occurrences across 9,674 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: 宿題を忘れるなんて君は不注意だった。 — It was careless of you to forget your homework. (Tatoeba 147838)
• Source: JMdict 1247250 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

決める — きめる

ichidan verb (る-verb); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to decide; to choose; to determine; to make up one's mind; to resolve
• Also: to clinch (a victory); to persist in doing; to always do
• Furigana: 決(き)める
• Kanji: 決める; rare/historical: 極める
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 536 of ~351k · 22,645 occurrences across 12,463 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 決まる (きまる, to be decided) · 決して (けっして, (not) ever)
• Corpus example: そこに行くことに決めた。 — I made up my mind to go there. (Tatoeba 213665)
• Source: JMdict 1254180 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

気持ち — きもち

noun · common word

• Meanings: feeling; sensation; mood; state of mind
• Also: preparedness; thought (humble); slightly
• Furigana: 気(き)持(も)ち
• Kanji: 気持ち; rare/historical: 気持, 氣持ち
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 325 of ~351k · 39,653 occurrences across 17,342 videos
• Related: 気 (き, spirit) · 気分 (きぶん, feeling) · 空気 (くうき, air) · 天気予報 (てんきよほう, weather forecast)
• Example: 気持ちのいい風が吹いています。 — A pleasant wind is blowing. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1591430 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

着物 — きもの

noun · common word

• Meanings: kimono; Japanese traditional clothing (esp. full-length)
• Also: clothing
• Furigana: 着(き)物(もの)
• Kanji: 着物
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,215 of ~351k · 3,113 occurrences across 1,018 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 下着 (したぎ, underwear)
• Example: 母は結婚式で着物を着ました。 — My mother wore a kimono at the wedding. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1423240 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

客 — きゃく

noun · common word

• Meanings: guest; visitor
• Also: customer; counter for containers used to entertain guests
• Furigana: 客(きゃく)
• Kanji: 客
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 521 of ~351k · 22,981 occurrences across 9,110 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: 夕食にお客を招いていますか。 — Do you have guests for dinner? (Tatoeba 79109)
• Source: JMdict 1226630 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

急 — きゅう

な-adjective · common word

• Meanings: urgent; pressing
• Also: sudden; steep; rapid
• Furigana: 急(きゅう)
• Kanji: 急 (N4)
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 920 of ~351k · 13,013 occurrences across 7,571 videos
• Related: 急ぐ (いそぐ, to hurry) · 急行 (きゅうこう, express (train)) · 特急 (とっきゅう, limited express (train for which a limited-express ticket is required))
• Example: 急な用事ができました。 — Something urgent has come up. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1228560 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

急行 — きゅうこう

noun; suru verb (する); attributive noun (の); intransitive · abbreviation · common word

• Meanings: express (train)
• Also: hurrying (to somewhere)
• Furigana: 急(きゅう)行(こう)
• Kanji: 急行
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 9,107 of ~351k · 717 occurrences across 320 videos
• Related: 急ぐ (いそぐ, to hurry) · 急 (きゅう, urgent) · 特急 (とっきゅう, limited express (train for which a limited-express ticket is required))
• Antonyms: 緩行
• Example: 急行で行けば、二十分で着きます。 — If you take the express, you arrive in twenty minutes. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1228690 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

教育 — きょういく

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: education; schooling; training; instruction; teaching
• Also: culture
• Furigana: 教(きょう)育(いく)
• Kanji: 教育
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 991 of ~351k · 11,983 occurrences across 3,640 videos
• Related: 教会 (きょうかい, church)
• Example: 教育についての話を聞きました。 — I listened to a talk about education. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1236950 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

教会 — きょうかい

noun · common word

• Meanings: church; congregation
• Furigana: 教(きょう)会(かい)
• Kanji: 教会
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,002 of ~351k · 5,696 occurrences across 1,397 videos
• Related: 教育 (きょういく, education)
• Corpus example: その教会は１１７３年までさかのぼる。 — The church dates back to 1173. (Tatoeba 211419)
• Source: JMdict 1237030 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

競争 — きょうそう

noun; suru verb (する); transitive; intransitive · common word

• Meanings: competition; contest; rivalry; race
• Also: competition (between organisms or species)
• Furigana: 競(きょう)争(そう)
• Kanji: 競争
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,905 of ~351k · 2,447 occurrences across 1,474 videos
• Corpus example: 十中八九、彼が競争に勝つでしょう。 — In nine cases out of ten, he will win the race. (Tatoeba 148063)
• Source: JMdict 1234140 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

興味 — きょうみ

noun · common word

• Meanings: interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
• Furigana: 興(きょう)味(み)
• Kanji: 興味
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 806 of ~351k · 14,694 occurrences across 9,422 videos
• Corpus example: あなたは花に興味がありますか。 — Are you interested in flowers? (Tatoeba 232171)
• Source: JMdict 1238410 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

近所 — きんじょ

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity
• Furigana: 近(きん)所(じょ)
• Kanji: 近所
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,604 of ~351k · 2,694 occurrences across 1,890 videos
• Related: 最近 (さいきん, recently)
• Corpus example: 彼が近所に越してきた。 — He moved into my neighborhood. (Tatoeba 120461)
• Source: JMdict 1242350 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

具合 — ぐあい

noun · common word

• Meanings: condition; state
• Also: health; way; circumstance
• Furigana: 具(ぐ)合(あい)
• Kanji: 具合; rare/historical: 工合, 具合い, 工合い
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,959 of ~351k · 5,863 occurrences across 4,125 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 道具 (どうぐ, tool)
• Corpus example: 時計の具合が悪い。 — Something is the matter with my watch. (Tatoeba 150500)
• Source: JMdict 1592500 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

空気 — くうき

noun · common word

• Meanings: air; atmosphere
• Also: mood; someone with no presence (colloquial)
• Furigana: 空(くう)気(き)
• Kanji: 空気
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,276 of ~351k · 9,401 occurrences across 4,836 videos
• Related: 空く (あく, to be empty) · 空港 (くうこう, airport)
• Example: 山の空気は新鮮です。 — The mountain air is fresh. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1245470 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

空港 — くうこう

noun · common word

• Meanings: airport
• Furigana: 空(くう)港(こう)
• Kanji: 空港
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,070 of ~351k · 5,495 occurrences across 1,768 videos
• Related: 空く (あく, to be empty) · 空気 (くうき, air)
• Corpus example: どの空港から出発しますか。 — Which airport do I leave from? (Tatoeba 200324)
• Source: JMdict 1245570 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

草 — くさ

noun · archaic · common word

• Meanings: grass; weed; herb; thatch
• Also: ninja (archaic); marijuana (slang); not genuine
• Furigana: 草(くさ)
• Kanji: 草; rare/historical: 艸
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,494 of ~351k · 7,890 occurrences across 3,574 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: 月には草が生えて無い。 — There is no grass on the moon. (Tatoeba 175661)
• Source: JMdict 1401910 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

くださる

godan verb (aru, special class); transitive · honorific · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: to give; to confer; to bestow
• Also: to kindly do for one (honorific)
• Kanji: 下さる
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 79 of ~351k · 209,208 occurrences across 54,302 videos
• Related: 以下 (いか, not exceeding ...) · 下りる (おりる, to alight (e.g. from bus)) · 下宿 (げしゅく, boarding) · 下がる (さがる, to come down) · 下げる (さげる, to hang)
• Corpus example: もう一度言ってくださいますか。 — Could you repeat that, please? (Tatoeba 194302)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1184280 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

首 — くび

noun · common word

• Meanings: neck
• Also: head; dismissal (from a job) (usually kana)
• Furigana: 首(くび)
• Kanji: 首; rare/historical: 頸, 頚, 馘
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,154 of ~351k · 10,439 occurrences across 4,687 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: その首と頭部はとてもやわらかかった。 — Its neck and head were very soft. (Tatoeba 209467)
• Source: JMdict 1592270 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

雲 — くも

noun · common word

• Meanings: cloud
• Furigana: 雲(くも)
• Kanji: 雲
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,953 of ~351k · 5,879 occurrences across 2,660 videos
• Corpus example: 雲がだんだん黒くなっています。 — The clouds are getting darker. (Tatoeba 189379)
• Source: JMdict 1173100 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

比べる — くらべる

ichidan verb (る-verb); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to compare; to make a comparison (between)
• Also: to compete (on)
• Furigana: 比(くら)べる
• Kanji: 比べる; rare/historical: 較べる, 競べる
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 785 of ~351k · 15,120 occurrences across 10,174 videos
• Example: 今年と去年を比べてみました。 — I compared this year with last year. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1483540 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

くれる

transitive · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: to give; to let (one) have
• Also: to give (usually kana); to do for one (usually kana); to do to someone's disadvantage (usually kana)
• Kanji: usually written in kana; rare/historical: 呉れる
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 108 of ~351k · 145,991 occurrences across 38,645 videos
• Corpus example: 友達がはがきをくれるように私に頼んだ。 — A friend of mine asked me to send her a postcard. (Tatoeba 79331)
• Notes: Kana-only headword. This reading has other homographs in the dictionary; the entry above is the sense matching the study list.
• Source: JMdict 1269130 · mapping: accepted · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

暮れる — くれる

ichidan verb (る-verb); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to get dark; to grow dark
• Also: to end (of a day, year, season, etc.); to be sunk in (e.g. despair)
• Furigana: 暮(く)れる
• Kanji: 暮れる; rare/historical: 昏れる, 眩れる, 暗れる
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 8,869 of ~351k · 744 occurrences across 572 videos
• Corpus example: 冬の日は速く暮れる。 — The night falls fast in winter. (Tatoeba 124359)
• Source: JMdict 1514960 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

君 — くん

suffix · common word

• Meanings: Mr; master; boy
• Also: Ms; sir (archaic)
• Furigana: 君(くん)
• Kanji: 君
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 339 of ~351k · 37,743 occurrences across 9,674 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: トニー君はなんと上手にテニスをすることができるのだろう。 — How well Tony can play tennis! (Tatoeba 200497)
• Notes: The study list's gloss for this entry was a loose paraphrase; the dictionary meanings above are authoritative.
• Source: JMdict 1247260 · mapping: accepted-gloss-disagreement · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

毛 — け

noun · common word

• Meanings: hair
• Also: fur; down
• Furigana: 毛(け)
• Kanji: 毛
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,826 of ~351k · 3,708 occurrences across 2,045 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Example: 猫の毛が服に付いています。 — Cat fur is stuck to my clothes. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1533820 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

計画 — けいかく

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: plan; project; schedule; scheme; program
• Furigana: 計(けい)画(かく)
• Kanji: 計画
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,053 of ~351k · 11,392 occurrences across 4,765 videos
• Corpus example: その計画では彼に同調できました。 — We went with him on that plan. (Tatoeba 211291)
• Notes: Study list writes 計画する; the JMdict headword is 計画 (noun) with suru-verb 計画する.
• Source: JMdict 1252090 · mapping: curated-override · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

経験 — けいけん

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: experience
• Furigana: 経(けい)験(けん)
• Kanji: 経験
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 627 of ~351k · 18,893 occurrences across 9,955 videos
• Related: 経済 (けいざい, economy)
• Corpus example: この仕事では経験がものを言う。 — Experience counts in this job. (Tatoeba 221838)
• Notes: Study list writes 経験する; the JMdict headword is 経験 (noun) with suru-verb 経験する.
• Source: JMdict 1251270 · mapping: curated-override · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

経済 — けいざい

noun · common word

• Meanings: economy; economics
• Also: finance; being economical
• Furigana: 経(けい)済(ざい)
• Kanji: 経済
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 761 of ~351k · 15,632 occurrences across 5,007 videos
• Related: 経験 (けいけん, experience)
• Corpus example: アメリカはサービス経済の国だ。 — The U.S. is a service economy. (Tatoeba 230179)
• Source: JMdict 1251320 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

警察 — けいさつ

noun · abbreviation · common word

• Meanings: police
• Also: police officer (abbreviation); police station (abbreviation); self-appointed enforcer (of a rule, standard, etc.) (colloquial)
• Furigana: 警(けい)察(さつ)
• Kanji: 警察
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,749 of ~351k · 6,661 occurrences across 2,462 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Example: 道が分からなくて警察に聞きました。 — I didn't know the way, so I asked the police. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1252390 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

ケーキ

noun · common word

• Meanings: cake
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,210 of ~351k · 5,097 occurrences across 2,000 videos
• Corpus example: ケイトはケーキの作り方を知っています。 — Kate knows how to make a cake. (Tatoeba 225377)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1047860 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

けが

noun; suru verb (する); transitive; intransitive · common word

• Meanings: injury; wound
• Also: mistake
• Kanji: 怪我
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,411 of ~351k · 4,544 occurrences across 2,748 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: ラグビーをしているとき、彼はけがをした。 — Playing rugby, he got injured. (Tatoeba 192640)
• Notes: Kana-only headword. Study list writes けがする; the JMdict headword is 怪我 (noun) with suru-verb 怪我する.
• Source: JMdict 1200220 · mapping: curated-override · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

景色 — けしき

noun · common word

• Meanings: scenery; scene; landscape
• Furigana: 景色(けしき)
• Kanji: 景色
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,654 of ~351k · 6,999 occurrences across 3,547 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Example: 電車から美しい景色が見えました。 — I saw a beautiful view from the train. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1250870 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

消しゴム — けしゴム

noun · common word

• Meanings: eraser; rubber
• Furigana: 消(け)しゴム
• Kanji: 消しゴム; rare/historical: 消ゴム, 消しごむ
• Corpus example: ちょっと消しゴムをかしてくれませんか。 — Can I borrow your eraser for a moment? (Tatoeba 202748)
• Source: JMdict 1350080 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

下宿 — げしゅく

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: boarding; lodging; board and lodging; room and board
• Also: boarding house
• Furigana: 下(げ)宿(しゅく)
• Kanji: 下宿
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 18,964 of ~351k · 221 occurrences across 84 videos
• Related: 以下 (いか, not exceeding ...) · 下りる (おりる, to alight (e.g. from bus)) · 下がる (さがる, to come down) · 下げる (さげる, to hang) · 下着 (したぎ, underwear)
• Example: 大学の近くに下宿しています。 — I am lodging near the university. (original)
• Source: JMdict 1185290 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

決して — けっして

adverb · common word

• Meanings: (not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
• Furigana: 決(けっ)して
• Kanji: 決して
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,904 of ~351k · 6,055 occurrences across 4,241 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 決まる (きまる, to be decided) · 決める (きめる, to decide)
• Example: 決してうそをつきません。 — I never tell lies. (original)
• Notes: The study list's gloss for this entry was a loose paraphrase; the dictionary meanings above are authoritative.
• Source: JMdict 1254130 · mapping: accepted-gloss-disagreement · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

けれど/けれども

conjunction; particle · polite · common word

• Meanings: but; however; although
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 32 of ~351k · 793,908 occurrences across 58,911 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Example: 日本語は難しいです。けれども、楽しいです。 — Japanese is difficult. However, it is fun. (original)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 2853889 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

原因 — げんいん

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: cause; origin; source
• Furigana: 原(げん)因(いん)
• Kanji: 原因
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 963 of ~351k · 12,372 occurrences across 6,730 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: それで事故の原因が分かった。 — That accounts for the accident. (Tatoeba 205727)
• Source: JMdict 1261190 · N4 membership: Tanos N4 list (batch 2)

Scope

This batch contains 100 headword entries. Batches 1–7 contain 634 entries extracted from the cited Tanos N4 PDF. Tanos describes the PDF as NON-CUMULATIVE: it is designed to exclude N5 vocabulary, so use the N5 set as well for cumulative N4 preparation. Tanos separately advertises a 602-entry MP3/audio working set; the current PDF table has 634 membership rows, and the study set follows the PDF. In practice two headwords (明日, 開く) also appear in the N5 list with different readings; the overlap is preserved as a source-data property.