JLPT N3 vocabulary — batch 6

This is one of 22 reviewable batches that make up the knowledge base's N3 vocabulary study set. The JLPT publishes no official vocabulary list; the set follows the ordering and headwords of the Tanos N3 vocabulary list and is a community study target, not an official coverage guarantee.

Lexical facts (headword forms, readings, parts of speech, meanings, transitivity, usage labels, alternative forms) are backed by JMdict via the jmdict-simplified JSON distribution; the N3 classification itself comes from the community list. The study list's own glosses are used only as the membership record — every learner-facing meaning here is the dictionary meaning.

Furigana segmentation comes from JmdictFurigana; corpus example sentences come from the Tanaka corpus via Tatoeba as distributed with JMdict (each carries its Tatoeba sentence id); the everyday-frequency indicator comes from TUBELEX Japanese subtitle frequency data. Frequency describes how common a written form is in contemporary everyday speech — it is not a prediction about the JLPT.

Study set (batch 6)

Word	Reading	Meaning	Notes
記録	きろく	record; document; minutes
菌	きん	germ; bacterium; bacillus
金	きん	gold (metal)
禁煙	きんえん	abstaining from smoking; quitting smoking
金額	きんがく	amount of money; sum
金庫	きんこ	safe; strongbox; cashbox
禁止	きんし	prohibition; inhibition; ban
近視	きんし	myopia; shortsightedness; nearsightedness
金銭	きんせん	money; cash
金属	きんぞく	metal
近代	きんだい	present day; modern times; recent times
緊張	きんちょう	tension; strain; nervousness
筋肉	きんにく	muscle
金融	きんゆう	finance; financing; credit transacting
議員	ぎいん	member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament
議会	ぎかい	congress; parliament; diet
技師	ぎし	engineer; technical officer
議長	ぎちょう	chair; chairman; chairperson
義務	ぎむ	duty; obligation; responsibility
疑問	ぎもん	doubt; question; suspicion
逆	ぎゃく	reverse; opposite
行儀	ぎょうぎ	manners; behavior; behaviour
議論	ぎろん	argument; discussion; dispute
銀	ぎん	silver
句	く	phrase
苦	く	pain; anguish; suffering
食う	くう	to eat
臭い	くさい	stinking; smelly
鎖	くさり	chain; chains
腐る	くさる	to rot; to go bad; to decay
癖	くせ	habit (usu. a bad one); tendency
管	くだ	pipe; tube
下り	くだり	down-train; train heading toward the ending point of its route
下る	くだる	to descend; to go down; to come down
苦痛	くつう	pain; agony; suffering
区別	くべつ	distinction; differentiation; discrimination
組	くみ	class (of students)
組合	くみあい	association; union; guild
汲む	くむ	to draw (water); to ladle; to dip up
組む	くむ	to put together; to construct; to assemble
酌む	くむ	to pour (sake); to serve; to drink (together)
悔しい	くやしい	frustrated (over a failure, humiliation or injustice); annoyed; chagrined
位	くらい	approximately; about; around
暮らし	くらし	life; lifestyle; living
暮らす	くらす	to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to get along
繰り返す	くりかえす	to repeat; to do over again
狂う	くるう	to get out of order; to go amiss; to malfunction
苦しい	くるしい	painful; difficult; tough
苦しむ	くるしむ	to suffer; to groan; to be worried
暮れ	くれ	year-end; end of the year
苦労	くろう	trouble; hardship; difficulty
加える	くわえる	to add; to add up; to sum up
咥える	くわえる	to hold in one's mouth
詳しい	くわしい	detailed; full; minute
加わる	くわわる	to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate
訓	くん	native Japanese reading of a Chinese character
訓練	くんれん	training; drill; practice
偶然	ぐうぜん	coincidence; chance; accident
具体	ぐたい	concreteness; embodiment
ぐっすり	ぐっすり	soundly (sleeping); fast (asleep)	Kana-only headword.
群	ぐん	group; bunch; crowd
軍	ぐん	army; armed forces; troops
郡	ぐん	district; county
軍隊	ぐんたい	armed forces; military; troops
刑	けい	penalty; sentence; punishment
計	けい	plan
敬意	けいい	respect; honour; honor
経緯	けいい	details; particulars; sequence of events
経営	けいえい	management; administration; operation
契機	けいき	opportunity; chance
景気	けいき	business conditions; the market; economic activity
計器	けいき	meter; gauge
傾向	けいこう	tendency; trend; inclination
警告	けいこく	warning; caution; admonition
計算	けいさん	calculation; computation; reckoning
刑事	けいじ	detective
掲示	けいじ	notice; bulletin; post
形態	けいたい	form; shape; figure
携帯	けいたい	carrying (on one's person or in the hand)
契約	けいやく	contract; compact; agreement
経由	けいゆ	going through; going via; going by way of
化粧	けしょう	make-up; makeup; cosmetics
けち	けち	stinginess; miserliness; penny-pinching	Kana-only headword.
結果	けっか	result; consequence; outcome
欠陥	けっかん	defect; fault; flaw
血管	けっかん	blood vessel; vein
結局	けっきょく	after all; in the end; ultimately
決行	けっこう	doing (with resolve); carrying out (e.g. a plan)
決心	けっしん	determination; resolution
欠席	けっせき	absence; non-attendance
決定	けってい	decision; determination
欠点	けってん	fault; defect; flaw
血液	けつえき	blood
結論	けつろん	conclusion (of an argument, discussion, study, etc.)
煙	けむり	smoke; fumes
蹴る	ける	to kick
件	けん	matter; affair; case
券	けん	ticket; coupon; bond
県	けん	prefecture; county; department
見解	けんかい	opinion; point of view

Detailed entries

記録 — きろく

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: record; document; minutes; log; recording
• Also: record (e.g. in sports)
• Furigana: 記(き)録(ろく)
• Kanji: 記録; rare/historical: 記錄
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,407 of ~351k · 8,466 occurrences across 4,352 videos
• Related: 暗記 (あんき, memorization) · 記憶 (きおく, memory) · 記者 (きしゃ, reporter) · 記事 (きじ, article) · 記入 (きにゅう, entry (in a form, register, diary, etc.))
• Corpus example: 無言が記録されたためしはない。 — No silence was ever written down. (Tatoeba 80936)
• Source: JMdict 1223440 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

菌 — きん

noun · common word

• Meanings: germ; bacterium; bacillus
• Also: fungus
• Furigana: 菌(きん)
• Kanji: 菌
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,171 of ~351k · 2,229 occurrences across 782 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Source: JMdict 1956120 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

金 — きん

noun · common word

• Meanings: gold (metal)
• Also: gold (color); gold (medal); something of great value
• Furigana: 金(きん)
• Kanji: 金
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 229 of ~351k · 58,234 occurrences across 17,244 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 金額 (きんがく, amount of money) · 金庫 (きんこ, safe) · 金銭 (きんせん, money) · 金属 (きんぞく, metal) · 金融 (きんゆう, finance)
• Corpus example: 輝くものすべてが金とは限らない。 — All that glitters is not gold. (Tatoeba 182965)
• Source: JMdict 1242600 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

禁煙 — きんえん

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: abstaining from smoking; quitting smoking
• Also: prohibition of smoking; No Smoking
• Furigana: 禁(きん)煙(えん)
• Kanji: 禁煙; rare/historical: 禁烟
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 13,844 of ~351k · 370 occurrences across 181 videos
• Related: 禁止 (きんし, prohibition)
• Corpus example: いつ禁煙のサインを消すのでしょうね。 — When will they turn off the no-smoking sign? (Tatoeba 228670)
• Source: JMdict 1241490 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

金額 — きんがく

noun · common word

• Meanings: amount of money; sum
• Furigana: 金(きん)額(がく)
• Kanji: 金額
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,933 of ~351k · 5,936 occurrences across 3,032 videos
• Related: 金 (かね, money) · 金庫 (きんこ, safe) · 金銭 (きんせん, money) · 金属 (きんぞく, metal) · 金融 (きんゆう, finance)
• Source: JMdict 1242700 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

金庫 — きんこ

noun · common word

• Meanings: safe; strongbox; cashbox; vault; strongroom
• Also: depository
• Furigana: 金(きん)庫(こ)
• Kanji: 金庫
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,302 of ~351k · 995 occurrences across 493 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 金 (かね, money) · 金額 (きんがく, amount of money) · 金銭 (きんせん, money) · 金属 (きんぞく, metal) · 金融 (きんゆう, finance)
• Source: JMdict 1242850 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

禁止 — きんし

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: prohibition; inhibition; ban
• Furigana: 禁(きん)止(し)
• Kanji: 禁止
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,346 of ~351k · 4,674 occurrences across 2,685 videos
• Related: 禁煙 (きんえん, abstaining from smoking)
• Source: JMdict 1241550 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

近視 — きんし

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: myopia; shortsightedness; nearsightedness
• Furigana: 近(きん)視(し)
• Kanji: 近視
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): less frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 35,589 of ~351k · 67 occurrences across 45 videos
• Related: 近代 (きんだい, present day) · 近頃 (ちかごろ, lately)
• Source: JMdict 1242320 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

金銭 — きんせん

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: money; cash
• Furigana: 金(きん)銭(せん)
• Kanji: 金銭
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,038 of ~351k · 1,049 occurrences across 704 videos
• Related: 金 (かね, money) · 金額 (きんがく, amount of money) · 金庫 (きんこ, safe) · 金属 (きんぞく, metal) · 金融 (きんゆう, finance)
• Corpus example: 金銭のことで彼と争いになった。 — I had a quarrel with him over money. (Tatoeba 179651)
• Source: JMdict 1243020 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

金属 — きんぞく

noun · common word

• Meanings: metal
• Furigana: 金(きん)属(ぞく)
• Kanji: 金属; rare/historical: 金ぞく
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,523 of ~351k · 4,288 occurrences across 2,108 videos
• Related: 金 (かね, money) · 金額 (きんがく, amount of money) · 金庫 (きんこ, safe) · 金銭 (きんせん, money) · 金融 (きんゆう, finance)
• Corpus example: 鉄は最も有用な金属です。 — Iron is the most useful metal. (Tatoeba 125246)
• Source: JMdict 1243040 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

近代 — きんだい

noun · common word

• Meanings: present day; modern times; recent times
• Also: early modern period
• Furigana: 近(きん)代(だい)
• Kanji: 近代
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 6,603 of ~351k · 1,155 occurrences across 747 videos
• Related: 近視 (きんし, myopia) · 近頃 (ちかごろ, lately)
• Corpus example: トムには近代絵画の鑑賞能力がある。 — Tom appreciates modern art. (Tatoeba 200168)
• Source: JMdict 1242420 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

緊張 — きんちょう

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: tension; strain; nervousness; stress
• Also: tensions (between countries, groups, etc.); tonus
• Furigana: 緊(きん)張(ちょう)
• Kanji: 緊張
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,826 of ~351k · 6,356 occurrences across 3,672 videos
• Source: JMdict 1241880 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

筋肉 — きんにく

noun · common word

• Meanings: muscle
• Furigana: 筋(きん)肉(にく)
• Kanji: 筋肉
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,714 of ~351k · 6,781 occurrences across 2,360 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 筋 (すじ, muscle)
• Source: JMdict 1241810 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

金融 — きんゆう

noun · common word

• Meanings: finance; financing; credit transacting; loaning of money; circulation of money
• Also: monetary
• Furigana: 金(きん)融(ゆう)
• Kanji: 金融
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,367 of ~351k · 4,625 occurrences across 1,458 videos
• Related: 金 (かね, money) · 金額 (きんがく, amount of money) · 金庫 (きんこ, safe) · 金銭 (きんせん, money) · 金属 (きんぞく, metal)
• Source: JMdict 1243290 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

議員 — ぎいん

noun · common word

• Meanings: member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress
• Furigana: 議(ぎ)員(いん)
• Kanji: 議員
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,758 of ~351k · 6,622 occurrences across 1,886 videos
• Related: 協議 (きょうぎ, conference) · 議会 (ぎかい, congress) · 議長 (ぎちょう, chair) · 議論 (ぎろん, argument) · 不思議 (ふしぎ, wonderful)
• Corpus example: その議員は政治資金に関する法案を提出したが通らなかった。 — The member of the Diet brought in a bill on political contribution, but it didn't pass. (Tatoeba 211476)
• Source: JMdict 1226020 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

議会 — ぎかい

noun · common word

• Meanings: congress; parliament; diet; legislative assembly
• Furigana: 議(ぎ)会(かい)
• Kanji: 議会
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,851 of ~351k · 3,660 occurrences across 1,188 videos
• Related: 協議 (きょうぎ, conference) · 議員 (ぎいん, member of an assembly) · 議長 (ぎちょう, chair) · 議論 (ぎろん, argument) · 不思議 (ふしぎ, wonderful)
• Corpus example: 議会はさいごにけんかになった。 — The argument ended in a fight. (Tatoeba 182900)
• Source: JMdict 1226040 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

技師 — ぎし

noun · common word

• Meanings: engineer; technical officer
• Furigana: 技(ぎ)師(し)
• Kanji: 技師
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 13,532 of ~351k · 384 occurrences across 174 videos
• Related: 演技 (えんぎ, acting) · 競技 (きょうぎ, game)
• Corpus example: トムは電気技師です。 — Tom is an electrical engineer. (Tatoeba 199853)
• Source: JMdict 1225110 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

議長 — ぎちょう

noun · common word

• Meanings: chair; chairman; chairperson; speaker (of an assembly); president (of a council, senate, etc.)
• Furigana: 議(ぎ)長(ちょう)
• Kanji: 議長
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,004 of ~351k · 1,059 occurrences across 485 videos
• Related: 協議 (きょうぎ, conference) · 議員 (ぎいん, member of an assembly) · 議会 (ぎかい, congress) · 議論 (ぎろん, argument) · 不思議 (ふしぎ, wonderful)
• Corpus example: 私たちはウッド氏を議長に任命した。 — We appointed Mr Wood chairman. (Tatoeba 166601)
• Source: JMdict 1226140 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

義務 — ぎむ

noun · common word

• Meanings: duty; obligation; responsibility
• Furigana: 義(ぎ)務(む)
• Kanji: 義務
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,685 of ~351k · 2,620 occurrences across 1,361 videos
• Related: 主義 (しゅぎ, doctrine)
• Corpus example: このような義務があるなんて知らなかった。 — I never knew about such a duty. (Tatoeba 223093)
• Source: JMdict 1225900 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

疑問 — ぎもん

noun; な-adjective · common word

• Meanings: doubt; question; suspicion; dubiousness
• Furigana: 疑(ぎ)問(もん)
• Kanji: 疑問
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,420 of ~351k · 4,532 occurrences across 3,296 videos
• Related: 疑う (うたがう, to doubt)
• Source: JMdict 1225630 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

逆 — ぎゃく

attributive noun (の); な-adjective; noun · common word

• Meanings: reverse; opposite
• Also: converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
• Furigana: 逆(ぎゃく)
• Kanji: 逆
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 433 of ~351k · 28,918 occurrences across 15,006 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 逆らう (さからう, to go against)
• Corpus example: 夫の方が殴ったと彼女は言っているが、実はその逆だった。 — She said that her husband hit her, but in fact it was the other way around. (Tatoeba 85002)
• Source: JMdict 1226960 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

行儀 — ぎょうぎ

noun · common word

• Meanings: manners; behavior; behaviour
• Furigana: 行(ぎょう)儀(ぎ)
• Kanji: 行儀
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 18,305 of ~351k · 235 occurrences across 198 videos
• Related: 行き (いき, the way there) · 刊行 (かんこう, publication) · 慣行 (かんこう, customary practice) · 決行 (けっこう, doing (with resolve)) · 行動 (こうどう, action)
• Corpus example: 彼女は行儀が極めて上品である。 — She is quite decent in conduct. (Tatoeba 90104)
• Source: JMdict 1281890 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

議論 — ぎろん

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: argument; discussion; dispute; controversy
• Furigana: 議(ぎ)論(ろん)
• Kanji: 議論
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,134 of ~351k · 5,284 occurrences across 2,297 videos
• Related: 協議 (きょうぎ, conference) · 議員 (ぎいん, member of an assembly) · 議会 (ぎかい, congress) · 議長 (ぎちょう, chair) · 不思議 (ふしぎ, wonderful)
• Corpus example: その議論は穴だらけだ。 — The argument is full of holes. (Tatoeba 211469)
• Source: JMdict 1226160 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

銀 — ぎん

noun · common word

• Meanings: silver
• Also: silver (color); silver (medal, prize, etc.); silver coin
• Furigana: 銀(ぎん)
• Kanji: 銀
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,475 of ~351k · 2,819 occurrences across 1,520 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: 金より銀の指輪の方が好きです。 — I prefer silver rings to gold ones. (Tatoeba 179712)
• Source: JMdict 1595090 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

句 — く

noun; noun suffix · common word

• Meanings: phrase
• Also: section (i.e. of text); verse; haiku
• Furigana: 句(く)
• Kanji: 句
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 10,526 of ~351k · 573 occurrences across 259 videos
• Related: 語句 (ごく, words and phrases) · 文句 (もんく, complaint)
• Corpus example: この句では前置詞を省略できる。 — You can omit the preposition in this phrase. (Tatoeba 222281)
• Source: JMdict 1243940 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

苦 — く

noun

• Meanings: pain; anguish; suffering; distress; anxiety
• Also: duhkha (suffering)
• Furigana: 苦(く)
• Kanji: 苦 (N3)
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,656 of ~351k · 930 occurrences across 664 videos
• Related: 苦痛 (くつう, pain) · 苦しい (くるしい, painful) · 苦しむ (くるしむ, to suffer) · 苦労 (くろう, trouble) · 苦手 (にがて, poor (at))
• Corpus example: なんの苦もなくその場所を見つけた。 — He had no difficulty in finding the place. (Tatoeba 198800)
• Source: JMdict 2037710 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

食う — くう

godan verb (う); transitive · male speech · common word

• Meanings: to eat
• Also: to live; to bite; to tease
• Furigana: 食(く)う
• Kanji: 食う, 喰う; rare/historical: 啖う
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 921 of ~351k · 12,999 occurrences across 5,912 videos
• Related: 食卓 (しょくたく, dining table) · 食品 (しょくひん, food) · 食物 (しょくもつ, food) · 食欲 (しょくよく, appetite (for food)) · 食料 (しょくりょう, food)
• Corpus example: お腹を空かせたその男は、食物をむさぼり食った。 — The starving man devoured the food. (Tatoeba 226677)
• Source: JMdict 1592100 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

臭い — くさい

い-adjective · common word

• Meanings: stinking; smelly
• Also: suspicious; hammy (acting); clumsy
• Furigana: 臭(くさ)い
• Kanji: 臭い
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,234 of ~351k · 9,682 occurrences across 5,829 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: 「汗でびしょ濡れだよ」「離れてっ。臭いわっ！」 — "I'm soaked with sweat." "Step back. You stink!" (Tatoeba 236370)
• Source: JMdict 1333150 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

鎖 — くさり

noun · common word

• Meanings: chain; chains
• Furigana: 鎖(くさり)
• Kanji: 鎖; rare/historical: 鏈, 鏁
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,781 of ~351k · 3,780 occurrences across 574 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: ジョージはその犬に鎖をつけた。 — George put a chain on the dog. (Tatoeba 215660)
• Source: JMdict 1291730 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

腐る — くさる

godan verb (る); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to rot; to go bad; to decay; to spoil; to fester
• Also: to corrode; to become useless; to become depraved
• Furigana: 腐(くさ)る
• Kanji: 腐る
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,370 of ~351k · 2,094 occurrences across 1,288 videos
• Corpus example: これらのオレンジは腐っている。 — These oranges have gone bad. (Tatoeba 217994)
• Source: JMdict 1497800 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

癖 — くせ

noun · common word

• Meanings: habit (usu. a bad one); tendency
• Also: peculiarity; crease
• Furigana: 癖(くせ)
• Kanji: 癖
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,986 of ~351k · 5,754 occurrences across 3,928 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: その子は悪い癖が直った。 — He was cured of his bad habits. (Tatoeba 210240)
• Source: JMdict 1509350 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

管 — くだ

noun · common word

• Meanings: pipe; tube
• Also: bobbin (in a shuttle or spinning wheel)
• Furigana: 管(くだ)
• Kanji: 管
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,950 of ~351k · 2,400 occurrences across 1,265 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 管理 (かんり, control) · 血管 (けっかん, blood vessel)
• Source: JMdict 2868440 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

下り — くだり

noun · common word

• Meanings: down-train; train heading toward the ending point of its route
• Also: down-slope; downbound; downstream
• Furigana: 下(くだ)り
• Kanji: 下り; rare/historical: 降り
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,337 of ~351k · 989 occurrences across 666 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 下す (おろす, to take down) · 下る (くだる, to descend) · 下 (げ, lowness (of degree, value, etc.)) · 地下 (ちか, underground)
• Source: JMdict 1184370 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

下る — くだる

godan verb (る); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to descend; to go down; to come down
• Also: to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender
• Furigana: 下(くだ)る
• Kanji: 下る; rare/historical: 降る
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,531 of ~351k · 2,748 occurrences across 1,887 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 下す (おろす, to take down) · 下り (くだり, down-train) · 下 (げ, lowness (of degree, value, etc.)) · 地下 (ちか, underground)
• Corpus example: 山を下ったところに学校がある。 — There is a school down the mountain. (Tatoeba 169405)
• Source: JMdict 1184450 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

苦痛 — くつう

noun · common word

• Meanings: pain; agony; suffering; distress; torment
• Furigana: 苦(く)痛(つう)
• Kanji: 苦痛
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,100 of ~351k · 1,038 occurrences across 698 videos
• Related: 苦 (く, pain) · 苦しい (くるしい, painful) · 苦しむ (くるしむ, to suffer) · 苦労 (くろう, trouble) · 苦手 (にがて, poor (at))
• Source: JMdict 1244560 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

区別 — くべつ

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: distinction; differentiation; discrimination; difference
• Furigana: 区(く)別(べつ)
• Kanji: 区別; rare/historical: 區別
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 5,669 of ~351k · 1,435 occurrences across 1,033 videos
• Related: 地区 (ちく, district)
• Corpus example: 私は彼女と妹を区別できなかった。 — I couldn't tell her from her sister. (Tatoeba 153421)
• Source: JMdict 1244250 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

組 — くみ

noun; noun suffix · common word

• Meanings: class (of students)
• Also: group (of people); lot; crime family
• Furigana: 組(くみ)
• Kanji: 組 (N3), 組み
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,817 of ~351k · 6,404 occurrences across 3,335 videos
• Related: 組合 (くみあい, association) · 組む (くむ, to put together) · 組織 (そしき, organization)
• Corpus example: 彼はその組の首席だ。 — He is at the head of the class. (Tatoeba 112568)
• Source: JMdict 1397450 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

組合 — くみあい

noun · common word

• Meanings: association; union; guild
• Furigana: 組(くみ)合(あい)
• Kanji: 組合; rare/historical: 組み合い
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 5,758 of ~351k · 1,408 occurrences across 555 videos
• Related: 組 (くみ, class (of students)) · 組む (くむ, to put together) · 組織 (そしき, organization)
• Source: JMdict 1397620 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

汲む — くむ

godan verb (む); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to draw (water); to ladle; to dip up; to scoop up; to pump
• Also: to pour (into a cup); to consider (feelings, the situation, etc.); to draw upon
• Furigana: 汲(く)む
• Kanji: 汲む
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,195 of ~351k · 1,017 occurrences across 785 videos
• Source: JMdict 1229610 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

組む — くむ

godan verb (む); transitive; intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to put together; to construct; to assemble; to produce (e.g. TV program)
• Also: to cross (legs or arms); to braid; to grapple
• Furigana: 組(く)む
• Kanji: 組む
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,533 of ~351k · 7,641 occurrences across 4,643 videos
• Related: 組 (くみ, class (of students)) · 組合 (くみあい, association) · 組織 (そしき, organization)
• Source: JMdict 1397590 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

酌む — くむ

godan verb (む); transitive

• Meanings: to pour (sake); to serve; to drink (together)
• Also: to consider (feelings, the situation, etc.)
• Furigana: 酌(く)む
• Kanji: 酌む
• Source: JMdict 1324210 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

悔しい — くやしい

い-adjective · common word

• Meanings: frustrated (over a failure, humiliation or injustice); annoyed; chagrined; disappointed; bitter
• Furigana: 悔(くや)しい
• Kanji: 悔しい; rare/historical: 口惜しい, 悔やしい
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,474 of ~351k · 2,822 occurrences across 1,854 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 後悔 (こうかい, regret)
• Source: JMdict 1592350 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

位 — くらい

suffix; particle · common word

• Meanings: approximately; about; around; or so
• Also: to (about) the extent that; as ... as ...
• Furigana: 位(くらい)
• Kanji: 位 (N3)
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 478 of ~351k · 26,032 occurrences across 7,510 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 位置 (いち, place) · 単位 (たんい, unit (e.g. meters, grams, etc.)) · 地位 (ちい, position)
• Notes: This reading has other homographs in the dictionary; the entry above is the sense matching the study list.
• Source: JMdict 1154340 · mapping: accepted · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

暮らし — くらし

noun; noun suffix · common word

• Meanings: life; lifestyle; living; life circumstances; livelihood
• Furigana: 暮(く)らし
• Kanji: 暮らし; rare/historical: 暮し
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,387 of ~351k · 2,911 occurrences across 1,880 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 暮らす (くらす, to live (on, by, etc.)) · 暮れ (くれ, year-end)
• Corpus example: もっと良い暮らしができますように。 — May God show us a better life! (Tatoeba 193195)
• Source: JMdict 1514930 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

暮らす — くらす

godan verb (す); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to get along; to get by
• Also: to make a living; to spend one's time (doing) (dated); to do daily
• Furigana: 暮(く)らす
• Kanji: 暮らす; rare/historical: 暮す
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,039 of ~351k · 5,594 occurrences across 3,600 videos
• Related: 暮らし (くらし, life) · 暮れ (くれ, year-end)
• Corpus example: １日１ドルでアメリカで暮らしていけると思いますか。 — Do you think you can live on a dollar a day in America? (Tatoeba 235708)
• Source: JMdict 1514940 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

繰り返す — くりかえす

godan verb (す); transitive; intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to repeat; to do over again
• Furigana: 繰(く)り返(かえ)す
• Kanji: 繰り返す; rare/historical: くり返す, 繰りかえす, 繰返す
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,100 of ~351k · 10,893 occurrences across 6,933 videos
• Corpus example: 「いいえ」とイギリス人は繰り返しました。 — "No," repeated the Englishman. (Tatoeba 237180)
• Source: JMdict 1247030 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

狂う — くるう

godan verb (う); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to get out of order; to go amiss; to malfunction; to become imprecise
• Also: to go mad; to go wrong (of a plan or expectation, etc.); to go crazy (over someone or something)
• Furigana: 狂(くる)う
• Kanji: 狂う
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,520 of ~351k · 1,990 occurrences across 1,515 videos
• Corpus example: あなたの時計、時間は狂いませんか。 — Does your watch keep good time? (Tatoeba 233250)
• Source: JMdict 1237510 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

苦しい — くるしい

い-adjective · common word

• Meanings: painful; difficult; tough; hard
• Also: distressing; straitened (circumstances); strained (interpretation, explanation, etc.)
• Furigana: 苦(くる)しい
• Kanji: 苦しい
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,328 of ~351k · 4,729 occurrences across 2,992 videos
• Related: 苦 (く, pain) · 苦痛 (くつう, pain) · 苦しむ (くるしむ, to suffer) · 苦労 (くろう, trouble) · 苦手 (にがて, poor (at))
• Corpus example: 苦しい、やめろ。 — It's so painful. Stop it! (Tatoeba 179537)
• Source: JMdict 1244320 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

苦しむ — くるしむ

godan verb (む); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to suffer; to groan; to be worried
• Furigana: 苦(くる)しむ
• Kanji: 苦しむ
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,461 of ~351k · 2,836 occurrences across 1,926 videos
• Related: 苦 (く, pain) · 苦痛 (くつう, pain) · 苦しい (くるしい, painful) · 苦労 (くろう, trouble) · 苦手 (にがて, poor (at))
• Corpus example: 人々は貧困に苦しんだ。 — People were ground down by poverty. (Tatoeba 144063)
• Source: JMdict 1244350 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

暮れ — くれ

noun; adverb; attributive noun (の); noun suffix · common word

• Meanings: year-end; end of the year
• Also: sunset; end
• Furigana: 暮(く)れ
• Kanji: 暮れ; rare/historical: 暮
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 15,276 of ~351k · 317 occurrences across 254 videos
• Related: 暮らし (くらし, life) · 暮らす (くらす, to live (on, by, etc.))
• Antonyms: 明け
• Source: JMdict 1514950 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

苦労 — くろう

noun; suru verb (する); transitive; intransitive · common word

• Meanings: trouble; hardship; difficulty; labour; labor
• Also: anxiety
• Furigana: 苦(く)労(ろう)
• Kanji: 苦労; rare/historical: 苦勞
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,960 of ~351k · 5,859 occurrences across 4,092 videos
• Related: 苦 (く, pain) · 苦痛 (くつう, pain) · 苦しい (くるしい, painful) · 苦しむ (くるしむ, to suffer) · 苦手 (にがて, poor (at))
• Corpus example: せっかくの苦労もあだになった。 — All my pains went for nothing. (Tatoeba 214040)
• Source: JMdict 1244680 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

加える — くわえる

ichidan verb (る-verb); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to add; to add up; to sum up; to append; to annex
• Also: to increase; to include; to inflict (damage)
• Furigana: 加(くわ)える
• Kanji: 加える
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 986 of ~351k · 12,045 occurrences across 7,419 videos
• Related: 加減 (かげん, addition and subtraction) · 加味 (かみ, seasoning) · 加わる (くわわる, to join in (e.g. a group of friends)) · 参加 (さんか, participation) · 増加 (ぞうか, increase)
• Source: JMdict 1189960 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

咥える — くわえる

ichidan verb (る-verb); transitive · usually kana

• Meanings: to hold in one's mouth
• Also: to bring with (usually kana)
• Furigana: 咥(くわ)える
• Kanji: 咥える; rare/historical: 銜える, 啣える
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 11,886 of ~351k · 474 occurrences across 345 videos
• Corpus example: 彼はパイプをくわえて話した。 — He spoke with a pipe in his mouth. (Tatoeba 111317)
• Source: JMdict 1609730 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

詳しい — くわしい

い-adjective · common word

• Meanings: detailed; full; minute
• Also: knowing very well
• Furigana: 詳(くわ)しい
• Kanji: 詳しい; rare/historical: 精しい, 委しい
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 860 of ~351k · 13,696 occurrences across 9,577 videos
• Antonyms: 疎い
• Corpus example: もっと詳しい情報が欲しい。 — I want more detailed information. (Tatoeba 193266)
• Source: JMdict 1351730 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

加わる — くわわる

godan verb (る); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate
• Also: to be added to; to increase (e.g. heat); to be applied (e.g. heat, pressure)
• Furigana: 加(くわ)わる
• Kanji: 加わる
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,230 of ~351k · 2,197 occurrences across 1,792 videos
• Related: 加減 (かげん, addition and subtraction) · 加味 (かみ, seasoning) · 加える (くわえる, to add) · 参加 (さんか, participation) · 増加 (ぞうか, increase)
• Corpus example: あなたはどちらのグループに加わりたいですか。 — Which group do you want to join? (Tatoeba 232484)
• Source: JMdict 1189980 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

訓 — くん

noun · common word

• Meanings: native Japanese reading of a Chinese character
• Also: precept
• Furigana: 訓(くん)
• Kanji: 訓
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 28,158 of ~351k · 107 occurrences across 68 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 訓練 (くんれん, training)
• Source: JMdict 1956150 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

訓練 — くんれん

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: training; drill; practice; discipline
• Furigana: 訓(くん)練(れん)
• Kanji: 訓練
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,564 of ~351k · 4,202 occurrences across 1,674 videos
• Related: 訓 (くん, native Japanese reading of a Chinese character)
• Corpus example: 私たちは昨日防火訓練をした。 — We had a fire drill yesterday. (Tatoeba 237466)
• Source: JMdict 1247470 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

偶然 — ぐうぜん

noun; な-adjective; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: coincidence; chance; accident; fortuity
• Also: by chance; contingency
• Furigana: 偶(ぐう)然(ぜん)
• Kanji: 偶然; rare/historical: 遇然
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,606 of ~351k · 2,693 occurrences across 1,920 videos
• Related: 偶 (たま, occasional) · 偶々 (たまたま, by chance)
• Antonyms: 必然
• Source: JMdict 1246270 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

具体 — ぐたい

noun · common word

• Meanings: concreteness; embodiment
• Furigana: 具(ぐ)体(たい)
• Kanji: 具体
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,215 of ~351k · 9,855 occurrences across 5,659 videos
• Related: 家具 (かぐ, furniture) · 具える (そなえる, to furnish with)
• Antonyms: 抽象
• Notes: The study list's gloss for this entry was a loose paraphrase; the dictionary meanings above are authoritative.
• Source: JMdict 1245020 · mapping: accepted-gloss-disagreement · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

ぐっすり

adverb; adverb (with と) · common word

• Meanings: soundly (sleeping); fast (asleep)
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 13,125 of ~351k · 402 occurrences across 325 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: 昨夜はぐっすり眠れなかった。 — I couldn't sleep well last night. (Tatoeba 169667)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1004060 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

群 — ぐん

noun; noun suffix · common word

• Meanings: group; bunch; crowd; throng; swarm
• Also: group
• Furigana: 群(ぐん)
• Kanji: 群
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,365 of ~351k · 2,936 occurrences across 1,508 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Source: JMdict 1247490 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

軍 — ぐん

noun · common word

• Meanings: army; armed forces; troops
• Also: military authorities; team
• Furigana: 軍(ぐん)
• Kanji: 軍
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 779 of ~351k · 15,312 occurrences across 3,438 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 軍隊 (ぐんたい, armed forces)
• Source: JMdict 1247660 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

郡 — ぐん

noun · common word

• Meanings: district; county
• Also: district (of 2-20 50-home neighbourhoods or townships, in the ritsuryō period); commandery
• Furigana: 郡(ぐん)
• Kanji: 郡
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 8,410 of ~351k · 806 occurrences across 584 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: これは豊能郡の地図です。 — This is a map of the Toyono district. (Tatoeba 218093)
• Source: JMdict 1249230 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

軍隊 — ぐんたい

noun · common word

• Meanings: armed forces; military; troops
• Furigana: 軍(ぐん)隊(たい)
• Kanji: 軍隊
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 6,683 of ~351k · 1,135 occurrences across 662 videos
• Related: 軍 (ぐん, army)
• Corpus example: その軍隊は十分な武器を持っていた。 — The troops had plenty of arms. (Tatoeba 211322)
• Source: JMdict 1248710 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

刑 — けい

noun; noun suffix · common word

• Meanings: penalty; sentence; punishment
• Furigana: 刑(けい)
• Kanji: 刑
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 11,100 of ~351k · 528 occurrences across 338 videos
• Related: 刑事 (けいじ, detective)
• Source: JMdict 1249610 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

計 — けい

noun; noun suffix · common word

• Meanings: plan
• Also: meter; total
• Furigana: 計(けい)
• Kanji: 計
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,863 of ~351k · 3,644 occurrences across 2,350 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 会計 (かいけい, accounting) · 計器 (けいき, meter) · 計算 (けいさん, calculation) · 合計 (ごうけい, sum total) · 設計 (せっけい, plan)
• Source: JMdict 1252050 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

敬意 — けいい

noun · common word

• Meanings: respect; honour; honor
• Furigana: 敬(けい)意(い)
• Kanji: 敬意
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 9,773 of ~351k · 645 occurrences across 491 videos
• Related: 尊敬 (そんけい, respect)
• Source: JMdict 1250720 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

経緯 — けいい

noun · common word

• Meanings: details; particulars; sequence of events; circumstances; situation
• Also: longitude and latitude; warp and weft
• Furigana: 経(けい)緯(い)
• Kanji: 経緯
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,240 of ~351k · 2,186 occurrences across 1,736 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 経営 (けいえい, management) · 経由 (けいゆ, going through) · 神経 (しんけい, nerve) · 経つ (たつ, to pass (of time)) · 経る (へる, to pass)
• Corpus example: 彼女が今の名声を得るに至ったいきさつは劇的である。 — The events that led up to her present fame are quite dramatic. (Tatoeba 95424)
• Source: JMdict 1251120 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

経営 — けいえい

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: management; administration; operation; running (a business); conducting
• Furigana: 経(けい)営(えい)
• Kanji: 経営
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,680 of ~351k · 6,914 occurrences across 3,235 videos
• Related: 経緯 (けいい, details) · 経由 (けいゆ, going through) · 神経 (しんけい, nerve) · 経つ (たつ, to pass (of time)) · 経る (へる, to pass)
• Source: JMdict 1251130 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

契機 — けいき

noun · common word

• Meanings: opportunity; chance
• Also: trigger
• Furigana: 契(けい)機(き)
• Kanji: 契機
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 16,471 of ~351k · 280 occurrences across 240 videos
• Related: 契約 (けいやく, contract)
• Corpus example: 退職を契機に茶道を始めた。 — I took the opportunity of retirement to begin studying the tea ceremony. (Tatoeba 75903)
• Source: JMdict 1250180 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

景気 — けいき

noun · common word

• Meanings: business conditions; the market; economic activity; economic climate
• Also: good (economic) times; liveliness
• Furigana: 景(けい)気(き)
• Kanji: 景気
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,504 of ~351k · 2,004 occurrences across 879 videos
• Related: 光景 (こうけい, scene) · 風景 (ふうけい, scenery)
• Corpus example: 近頃は景気が良くない。 — Business is so slow these days. (Tatoeba 179834)
• Source: JMdict 1250830 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

計器 — けいき

noun · common word

• Meanings: meter; gauge
• Furigana: 計(けい)器(き)
• Kanji: 計器
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 24,590 of ~351k · 138 occurrences across 89 videos
• Related: 会計 (かいけい, accounting) · 計 (けい, plan) · 計算 (けいさん, calculation) · 合計 (ごうけい, sum total) · 設計 (せっけい, plan)
• Source: JMdict 1252130 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

傾向 — けいこう

noun · common word

• Meanings: tendency; trend; inclination
• Furigana: 傾(けい)向(こう)
• Kanji: 傾向
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,068 of ~351k · 5,502 occurrences across 3,386 videos
• Source: JMdict 1249470 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

警告 — けいこく

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: warning; caution; admonition
• Also: keikoku (penalty in judo)
• Furigana: 警(けい)告(こく)
• Kanji: 警告
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,012 of ~351k · 2,347 occurrences across 1,078 videos
• Corpus example: 彼は私の警告に全く注意を払わなかった。 — He paid no attention to my warning. (Tatoeba 105856)
• Source: JMdict 1252360 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

計算 — けいさん

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: calculation; computation; reckoning; counting; adding up
• Also: consideration
• Furigana: 計(けい)算(さん)
• Kanji: 計算
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,168 of ~351k · 10,285 occurrences across 4,342 videos
• Related: 会計 (かいけい, accounting) · 計 (けい, plan) · 計器 (けいき, meter) · 合計 (ごうけい, sum total) · 設計 (せっけい, plan)
• Source: JMdict 1252140 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

刑事 — けいじ

noun · common word

• Meanings: detective
• Also: criminal matter
• Furigana: 刑(けい)事(じ)
• Kanji: 刑事
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,913 of ~351k · 1,771 occurrences across 694 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 刑 (けい, penalty)
• Corpus example: その泥棒は刑事を見ると走って逃げた。 — The thief ran away at the sight of a detective. (Tatoeba 207684)
• Source: JMdict 1249660 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

掲示 — けいじ

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: notice; bulletin; post; posting; placard
• Furigana: 掲(けい)示(じ)
• Kanji: 掲示
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,041 of ~351k · 1,049 occurrences across 685 videos
• Corpus example: 掲示には「全席予約済み」とあった。 — "Fully booked" was on the notice. (Tatoeba 176535)
• Source: JMdict 1250620 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

形態 — けいたい

noun · common word

• Meanings: form; shape; figure
• Also: morph
• Furigana: 形(けい)態(たい)
• Kanji: 形態; rare/historical: 形体
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,534 of ~351k · 1,983 occurrences across 1,024 videos
• Corpus example: ジョギングは、運動として、好ましい形態になった。 — Jogging has become the favorite form of exercise. (Tatoeba 215565)
• Source: JMdict 1250390 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

携帯 — けいたい

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · abbreviation · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: carrying (on one's person or in the hand)
• Also: mobile phone (abbreviation)
• Furigana: 携(けい)帯(たい)
• Kanji: 携帯
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,145 of ~351k · 5,245 occurrences across 2,910 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: アメリカ人は武器の携帯を許されている。 — Americans have the right to bear arms. (Tatoeba 230100)
• Source: JMdict 1250680 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

契約 — けいやく

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: contract; compact; agreement
• Furigana: 契(けい)約(やく)
• Kanji: 契約
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,461 of ~351k · 8,073 occurrences across 2,773 videos
• Related: 契機 (けいき, opportunity)
• Corpus example: 契約はかなりいいかげんなものだった。 — The contract was rather loose. (Tatoeba 176554)
• Source: JMdict 1250190 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

経由 — けいゆ

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: going through; going via; going by way of
• Furigana: 経(けい)由(ゆ)
• Kanji: 経由
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 5,214 of ~351k · 1,624 occurrences across 1,170 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 経緯 (けいい, details) · 経営 (けいえい, management) · 神経 (しんけい, nerve) · 経つ (たつ, to pass (of time)) · 経る (へる, to pass)
• Corpus example: 彼はホノルル経由で帰ってきた。 — He came back by way of Honolulu. (Tatoeba 110911)
• Source: JMdict 1251670 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

化粧 — けしょう

noun; suru verb (する); transitive; intransitive · common word

• Meanings: make-up; makeup; cosmetics
• Also: decoration
• Furigana: 化(け)粧(しょう)
• Kanji: 化粧; rare/historical: 仮粧
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,735 of ~351k · 3,864 occurrences across 1,770 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 化学 (かがく, chemistry) · 酸化 (さんか, oxidation) · 変化 (へんか, change)
• Corpus example: こってり化粧した顔は異様である。 — A face with too much make up looks strange. (Tatoeba 224122)
• Source: JMdict 1577040 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

けち

noun; な-adjective

• Meanings: stinginess; miserliness; penny-pinching; miser; pinchpenny
• Also: shabby; petty; bad luck
• Kanji: usually written in kana; rare/historical: 吝嗇
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): less frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 68,463 of ~351k · 15 occurrences across 11 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: 彼は自分のお金に関しては非常にけちだ。 — He is very mean with his money. (Tatoeba 105098)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 2234080 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

結果 — けっか

noun · common word

• Meanings: result; consequence; outcome; effect
• Also: as a result of ...; bearing fruit
• Furigana: 結(けっ)果(か)
• Kanji: 結果
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 379 of ~351k · 33,097 occurrences across 15,995 videos
• Related: 結局 (けっきょく, after all) · 結論 (けつろん, conclusion (of an argument, discussion, study, etc.)) · 結ぶ (むすぶ, to tie)
• Corpus example: 結果は気にするな。 — Don't worry about the results. (Tatoeba 175860)
• Source: JMdict 1254690 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

欠陥 — けっかん

noun · common word

• Meanings: defect; fault; flaw; deformity; deficiency
• Furigana: 欠(けっ)陥(かん)
• Kanji: 欠陥
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 13,481 of ~351k · 386 occurrences across 276 videos
• Related: 欠く (かく, to chip) · 欠ける (かける, to be lacking (in)) · 欠席 (けっせき, absence) · 欠点 (けってん, fault)
• Corpus example: このシステムには明らかな欠陥がある。 — This system has obvious defects. (Tatoeba 223714)
• Source: JMdict 1253950 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

血管 — けっかん

noun · common word

• Meanings: blood vessel; vein
• Furigana: 血(けっ)管(かん)
• Kanji: 血管
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 5,292 of ~351k · 1,585 occurrences across 646 videos
• Related: 血液 (けつえき, blood)
• Corpus example: 切れた血管から血がどくどくと流れ出た。 — Blood poured from the cut vein. (Tatoeba 142113)
• Source: JMdict 1255180 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

結局 — けっきょく

adverb · common word

• Meanings: after all; in the end; ultimately; eventually
• Also: conclusion; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
• Furigana: 結(けっ)局(きょく)
• Kanji: 結局
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 572 of ~351k · 20,832 occurrences across 11,051 videos
• Related: 結果 (けっか, result) · 結論 (けつろん, conclusion (of an argument, discussion, study, etc.)) · 結ぶ (むすぶ, to tie)
• Corpus example: ゆっくりと着実なのが結局勝つ。 — Slow and steady wins the race. (Tatoeba 192965)
• Source: JMdict 1254730 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

決行 — けっこう

noun; suru verb (する); transitive

• Meanings: doing (with resolve); carrying out (e.g. a plan)
• Furigana: 決(けっ)行(こう)
• Kanji: 決行
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 21,809 of ~351k · 171 occurrences across 146 videos
• Related: 解決 (かいけつ, settlement) · 決まり (きまり, rule) · 決心 (けっしん, determination) · 決定 (けってい, decision)
• Corpus example: その会社の労働者はストを決行した。 — Workers at the company went on a strike. (Tatoeba 211841)
• Source: JMdict 1254250 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

決心 — けっしん

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: determination; resolution
• Furigana: 決(けっ)心(しん)
• Kanji: 決心
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 9,025 of ~351k · 725 occurrences across 478 videos
• Related: 解決 (かいけつ, settlement) · 決まり (きまり, rule) · 決行 (けっこう, doing (with resolve)) · 決定 (けってい, decision)
• Corpus example: すぐ決心するようにしてください。 — Try to make up your mind soon. (Tatoeba 214793)
• Source: JMdict 1254340 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

欠席 — けっせき

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: absence; non-attendance
• Furigana: 欠(けっ)席(せき)
• Kanji: 欠席
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 14,660 of ~351k · 337 occurrences across 234 videos
• Related: 欠く (かく, to chip) · 欠ける (かける, to be lacking (in)) · 欠陥 (けっかん, defect) · 欠点 (けってん, fault)
• Antonyms: 出席
• Corpus example: 欠席された友人たちのために、乾杯しましょう。 — Let's drink to absent friends. (Tatoeba 175959)
• Source: JMdict 1254020 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

決定 — けってい

noun; suru verb (する); transitive; intransitive · common word

• Meanings: decision; determination
• Furigana: 決(けっ)定(てい)
• Kanji: 決定
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,443 of ~351k · 8,186 occurrences across 4,795 videos
• Related: 解決 (かいけつ, settlement) · 決まり (きまり, rule) · 決行 (けっこう, doing (with resolve)) · 決心 (けっしん, determination)
• Corpus example: われわれは最終的決定を行った。 — We've made a final decision. (Tatoeba 191634)
• Source: JMdict 1254380 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

欠点 — けってん

noun · common word

• Meanings: fault; defect; flaw; weak point; weakness
• Also: failure (in an examination)
• Furigana: 欠(けっ)点(てん)
• Kanji: 欠点
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 6,711 of ~351k · 1,128 occurrences across 770 videos
• Related: 欠く (かく, to chip) · 欠ける (かける, to be lacking (in)) · 欠陥 (けっかん, defect) · 欠席 (けっせき, absence)
• Antonyms: 美点
• Corpus example: 欠点があるけどやはり彼が好きです。 — I love him despite his faults. (Tatoeba 175954)
• Source: JMdict 1254050 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

血液 — けつえき

noun · common word

• Meanings: blood
• Furigana: 血(けつ)液(えき)
• Kanji: 血液
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,214 of ~351k · 2,206 occurrences across 1,036 videos
• Related: 血管 (けっかん, blood vessel)
• Source: JMdict 1255120 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

結論 — けつろん

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: conclusion (of an argument, discussion, study, etc.)
• Also: conclusion
• Furigana: 結(けつ)論(ろん)
• Kanji: 結論
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,395 of ~351k · 4,571 occurrences across 3,120 videos
• Related: 結果 (けっか, result) · 結局 (けっきょく, after all) · 結ぶ (むすぶ, to tie)
• Corpus example: 二人は同じ結論に到達した。 — The two came to the same conclusion. (Tatoeba 123063)
• Source: JMdict 1255020 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

煙 — けむり

noun · common word

• Meanings: smoke; fumes
• Furigana: 煙(けむり)
• Kanji: 煙 (N3); rare/historical: 烟
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,375 of ~351k · 2,090 occurrences across 1,169 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 禁煙 (きんえん, abstaining from smoking)
• Corpus example: エレベーターから煙の臭いがします。 — I smell smoke in the elevator. (Tatoeba 227894)
• Source: JMdict 1177180 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

蹴る — ける

godan verb (る); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to kick
• Also: to refuse; to stamp (on the ground)
• Furigana: 蹴(け)る
• Kanji: 蹴る; rare/historical: 蹶る
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,207 of ~351k · 3,125 occurrences across 1,908 videos
• Corpus example: けってドアを開けるな。 — Don't kick the door open. (Tatoeba 225247)
• Source: JMdict 1333400 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

件 — けん

noun; counter · common word

• Meanings: matter; affair; case; item; subject
• Also: counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
• Furigana: 件(けん)
• Kanji: 件 (N3)
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,189 of ~351k · 10,106 occurrences across 5,496 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 事件 (じけん, event) · 条件 (じょうけん, condition)
• Corpus example: 私はこの件に関しては、あなたに賛成です。 — I agree with you on this issue. (Tatoeba 160928)
• Source: JMdict 1255940 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

券 — けん

noun; noun suffix · common word

• Meanings: ticket; coupon; bond; certificate
• Furigana: 券(けん)
• Kanji: 券
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,190 of ~351k · 3,144 occurrences across 1,346 videos
• Corpus example: この券は２週間有効です。 — This ticket is good for two weeks. (Tatoeba 222131)
• Source: JMdict 1256730 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

県 — けん

noun; noun suffix · common word

• Meanings: prefecture; county; department; province
• Furigana: 県(けん)
• Kanji: 県; rare/historical: 縣
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 401 of ~351k · 30,897 occurrences across 10,531 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: チューリップは、私たちの県の県花です。 — Tulips are our prefecture's official flower. (Tatoeba 202943)
• Source: JMdict 1258810 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

見解 — けんかい

noun · common word

• Meanings: opinion; point of view
• Furigana: 見(けん)解(かい)
• Kanji: 見解
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,829 of ~351k · 1,812 occurrences across 1,283 videos
• Related: 見当 (けんとう, estimate) · 発見 (はっけん, discovery) · 見送り (みおくり, seeing (someone) off) · 見掛ける (みかける, to (happen to) see) · 見事 (みごと, splendid)
• Corpus example: あなたの見解は私とは正反対です。 — Your views are quite opposite to mine. (Tatoeba 233353)
• Source: JMdict 1259390 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 6)

Scope

This batch contains 100 headword entries. Batches 1–22 contain 2,139 entries extracted from the canonical Tanos/community N3 vocabulary dataset. The N3 list builds upon N5 and N4 prerequisites.