JLPT N3 vocabulary — batch 7

This is one of 22 reviewable batches that make up the knowledge base's N3 vocabulary study set. The JLPT publishes no official vocabulary list; the set follows the ordering and headwords of the Tanos N3 vocabulary list and is a community study target, not an official coverage guarantee.

Lexical facts (headword forms, readings, parts of speech, meanings, transitivity, usage labels, alternative forms) are backed by JMdict via the jmdict-simplified JSON distribution; the N3 classification itself comes from the community list. The study list's own glosses are used only as the membership record — every learner-facing meaning here is the dictionary meaning.

Furigana segmentation comes from JmdictFurigana; corpus example sentences come from the Tanaka corpus via Tatoeba as distributed with JMdict (each carries its Tatoeba sentence id); the everyday-frequency indicator comes from TUBELEX Japanese subtitle frequency data. Frequency describes how common a written form is in contemporary everyday speech — it is not a prediction about the JLPT.

Study set (batch 7)

Word	Reading	Meaning	Notes
健康	けんこう	health
検査	けんさ	inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; test
建設	けんせつ	construction; establishment
建築	けんちく	construction; architecture (of buildings)
検討	けんとう	consideration; examination; investigation
見当	けんとう	estimate; guess; conjecture
憲法	けんぽう	constitution
権利	けんり	right; privilege
下	げ	lowness (of degree, value, etc.); inferiority
芸術	げいじゅつ	art; the arts
劇	げき	drama; play
劇場	げきじょう	theatre; theater; playhouse
限界	げんかい	limit; bound
現金	げんきん	cash; ready money; money on hand
言語	げんご	language
現在	げんざい	the present; present time; now
減少	げんしょう	decrease; reduction; decline
現象	げんしょう	phenomenon
現実	げんじつ	reality; actuality; hard fact
現状	げんじょう	present condition; existing state; status quo
現代	げんだい	present age; present day; today
現場	げんば	actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.)
恋	こい	love
濃い	こい	thick (consistency); dense
恋人	こいびと	lover; sweetheart; boyfriend
幸運	こううん	good luck; fortune
公演	こうえん	public performance
講演	こうえん	lecture; address; speech
効果	こうか	effect; effectiveness; efficacy
硬貨	こうか	coin
高価	こうか	highly priced; expensive; valuable
後悔	こうかい	regret; repentance; remorse
航海	こうかい	voyage; navigation; sailing
交換	こうかん	exchange; interchange; switching
航空	こうくう	aviation; flying
光景	こうけい	scene; spectacle; sight
貢献	こうけん	contribution (furthering a goal or cause); services (to a cause)
攻撃	こうげき	attack; assault; raid
広告	こうこく	advertisement; advertising
交際	こうさい	company; friendship; association
後者	こうしゃ	the latter; the second
校舎	こうしゃ	school building; schoolhouse
公正	こうせい	justice; fairness; impartiality
構成	こうせい	composition; construction; formation
拘束	こうそく	restriction; restraint; binding
高速	こうそく	high-speed; rapid; express
行動	こうどう	action; conduct; behaviour
後輩	こうはい	junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
荒廃	こうはい	ruin; destruction; devastation
工場	こうば	factory; plant; mill
幸福	こうふく	happiness; well-being; joy
降伏	こうふく	surrender; capitulation; submission
興奮	こうふん	excitement; stimulation; agitation
公平	こうへい	fairness; impartiality; justice
候補	こうほ	candidacy; candidature; nomination
考慮	こうりょ	consideration; taking into account
超える	こえる	to cross over; to cross; to pass through
越える	こえる	to cross over; to cross; to pass through
氷	こおり	ice
凍る	こおる	to freeze; to become frozen; to freeze over
呼吸	こきゅう	breathing; respiration
故郷	こきょう	hometown; birthplace; native place
国語	こくご	national language
国籍	こくせき	nationality; citizenship
黒板	こくばん	blackboard
克服	こくふく	conquest (of a difficulty, illness, crisis, etc.); overcoming; surmounting
国民	こくみん	people (of a country); nation; citizen
穀物	こくもつ	grain; cereal; corn
個々	ここ	individual; one by one; separate
腰	こし	lower back; waist; hips
胡椒	こしょう	pepper
個人	こじん	individual; private person; personal
故人	こじん	the deceased; the departed
超す	こす	to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across
越す	こす	to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across
小銭	こぜに	small change; pocket change; coins
国家	こっか	state; country; nation
国会	こっかい	National Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1947-)
国境	こっきょう	border (between countries); national border
骨折	こっせつ	bone fracture
小包	こづつみ	parcel; package
琴	こと	koto
異なる	ことなる	to differ; to be different; to disagree
ことによると	ことによると	possibly; maybe; perhaps	Kana-only headword.
諺	ことわざ	proverb; saying; aphorism
断る	ことわる	to refuse; to reject; to dismiss
粉	こな	flour; meal; powder
好み	このみ	liking; taste; fancy
好む	このむ	to like; to prefer
こぼす	こぼす	to spill; to drop; to shed (tears)	Kana-only headword.
こぼれる	こぼれる	to spill; to fall out of; to overflow	Kana-only headword.
小麦	こむぎ	wheat
小屋	こや	hut; cabin; shed
これら	これら	these	Kana-only headword.
殺す	ころす	to kill; to slay; to murder
転ぶ	ころぶ	to fall down; to fall over
今回	こんかい	this time; now
今後	こんご	from now on; hereafter
混雑	こんざつ	congestion; crush; crowding
こんなに	こんなに	so; like this; in this way	Kana-only headword.

Detailed entries

健康 — けんこう

noun · common word

• Meanings: health
• Also: healthy
• Furigana: 健(けん)康(こう)
• Kanji: 健康
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 954 of ~351k · 12,500 occurrences across 5,337 videos
• Corpus example: 煙草をすうことは健康に悪い。 — Smoking is bad for the health. (Tatoeba 188743)
• Source: JMdict 1256170 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

検査 — けんさ

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; test; check; scan (e.g. MRI, PET)
• Furigana: 検(けん)査(さ)
• Kanji: 検査
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,376 of ~351k · 8,690 occurrences across 2,442 videos
• Related: 検討 (けんとう, consideration)
• Source: JMdict 1257890 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

建設 — けんせつ

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: construction; establishment
• Furigana: 建(けん)設(せつ)
• Kanji: 建設
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,942 of ~351k · 5,912 occurrences across 2,099 videos
• Related: 建築 (けんちく, construction) · 建つ (たつ, to be erected)
• Source: JMdict 1257420 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

建築 — けんちく

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: construction; architecture (of buildings)
• Furigana: 建(けん)築(ちく)
• Kanji: 建築
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,965 of ~351k · 5,830 occurrences across 1,832 videos
• Related: 建設 (けんせつ, construction) · 建つ (たつ, to be erected)
• Corpus example: 彼らは家の建築にとりかかった。 — They set about building a house. (Tatoeba 97461)
• Source: JMdict 1257500 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

検討 — けんとう

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: consideration; examination; investigation; study; scrutiny
• Furigana: 検(けん)討(とう)
• Kanji: 検討
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,481 of ~351k · 7,980 occurrences across 4,007 videos
• Related: 検査 (けんさ, inspection (e.g. customs, factory))
• Source: JMdict 1258000 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

見当 — けんとう

noun · common word

• Meanings: estimate; guess; conjecture; aim
• Also: direction; registration mark (printing); approximately
• Furigana: 見(けん)当(とう)
• Kanji: 見当
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 11,472 of ~351k · 503 occurrences across 353 videos
• Related: 見解 (けんかい, opinion) · 発見 (はっけん, discovery) · 見送り (みおくり, seeing (someone) off) · 見掛ける (みかける, to (happen to) see) · 見事 (みごと, splendid)
• Corpus example: それがどこにあるのか、およその見当はついている。 — I have a rough idea where it is. (Tatoeba 205953)
• Source: JMdict 1259930 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

憲法 — けんぽう

noun · common word

• Meanings: constitution
• Also: rules
• Furigana: 憲(けん)法(ぽう)
• Kanji: 憲法
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,238 of ~351k · 3,093 occurrences across 748 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Source: JMdict 1257590 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

権利 — けんり

noun · common word

• Meanings: right; privilege
• Furigana: 権(けん)利(り)
• Kanji: 権利
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,868 of ~351k · 3,635 occurrences across 1,685 videos
• Corpus example: あなたにはそこに行く権利がない。 — You have no right to go there. (Tatoeba 233766)
• Source: JMdict 1258200 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

下 — げ

noun

• Meanings: lowness (of degree, value, etc.); inferiority
• Also: second volume (of two)
• Furigana: 下(げ)
• Kanji: 下
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 204 of ~351k · 65,570 occurrences across 26,903 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 下す (おろす, to take down) · 下り (くだり, down-train) · 下る (くだる, to descend) · 地下 (ちか, underground)
• Notes: The study list's gloss for this entry was a loose paraphrase; the dictionary meanings above are authoritative.
• Source: JMdict 2080200 · mapping: accepted-gloss-disagreement · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

芸術 — げいじゅつ

noun · common word

• Meanings: art; the arts
• Furigana: 芸(げい)術(じゅつ)
• Kanji: 芸術; rare/historical: 藝術
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,099 of ~351k · 3,283 occurrences across 1,640 videos
• Source: JMdict 1253060 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

劇 — げき

noun · abbreviation · common word

• Meanings: drama; play
• Also: powerful drug (abbreviation)
• Furigana: 劇(げき)
• Kanji: 劇
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 5,624 of ~351k · 1,447 occurrences across 962 videos
• Related: 劇場 (げきじょう, theatre) · 悲劇 (ひげき, tragedy)
• Corpus example: 劇はちょうど定刻に始まった。 — The play began exactly on time. (Tatoeba 175997)
• Source: JMdict 1253310 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

劇場 — げきじょう

noun · common word

• Meanings: theatre; theater; playhouse
• Furigana: 劇(げき)場(じょう)
• Kanji: 劇場
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,160 of ~351k · 2,234 occurrences across 1,088 videos
• Related: 劇 (げき, drama) · 悲劇 (ひげき, tragedy)
• Corpus example: さあ劇場に着いたぜ。 — Here we are at the theater. (Tatoeba 216883)
• Source: JMdict 1253410 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

限界 — げんかい

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: limit; bound
• Furigana: 限(げん)界(かい)
• Kanji: 限界
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,505 of ~351k · 4,337 occurrences across 2,994 videos
• Related: 限る (かぎる, to restrict) · 期限 (きげん, term) · 制限 (せいげん, restriction)
• Source: JMdict 1264650 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

現金 — げんきん

noun · common word

• Meanings: cash; ready money; money on hand; currency
• Also: mercenary
• Furigana: 現(げん)金(きん)
• Kanji: 現金
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,966 of ~351k · 2,387 occurrences across 1,080 videos
• Related: 現す (あらわす, to reveal) · 現れ (あらわれ, embodiment) · 現れる (あらわれる, to appear) · 現在 (げんざい, the present) · 現象 (げんしょう, phenomenon)
• Corpus example: 現金で払う必要はありません。 — You don't have to pay in cash. (Tatoeba 174936)
• Source: JMdict 1263550 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

言語 — げんご

noun · common word

• Meanings: language
• Furigana: 言(げん)語(ご)
• Kanji: 言語
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,232 of ~351k · 5,036 occurrences across 2,069 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 言わば (いわば, so to speak) · 伝言 (でんごん, message) · 一言 (ひとこと, single word)
• Corpus example: ドイツ語はやさしい言語ではありません。 — German is not an easy language. (Tatoeba 201744)
• Source: JMdict 1264420 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

現在 — げんざい

noun; adverb; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: the present; present time; now
• Also: as of; present tense; this world
• Furigana: 現(げん)在(ざい)
• Kanji: 現在; rare/historical: 見在
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 457 of ~351k · 27,178 occurrences across 14,320 videos
• Related: 現す (あらわす, to reveal) · 現れ (あらわれ, embodiment) · 現れる (あらわれる, to appear) · 現金 (げんきん, cash) · 現象 (げんしょう, phenomenon)
• Corpus example: 私は現在の地位に満足している。 — I am content with my current position. (Tatoeba 157251)
• Source: JMdict 1263650 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

減少 — げんしょう

noun; suru verb (する); transitive; intransitive; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: decrease; reduction; decline
• Furigana: 減(げん)少(しょう)
• Kanji: 減少
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,415 of ~351k · 4,537 occurrences across 2,112 videos
• Related: 加減 (かげん, addition and subtraction) · 減らす (へらす, to abate) · 減る (へる, to decrease (in size or number))
• Antonyms: 増加
• Source: JMdict 1263210 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

現象 — げんしょう

noun · common word

• Meanings: phenomenon
• Furigana: 現(げん)象(しょう)
• Kanji: 現象
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,144 of ~351k · 5,255 occurrences across 2,664 videos
• Related: 現す (あらわす, to reveal) · 現れ (あらわれ, embodiment) · 現れる (あらわれる, to appear) · 現金 (げんきん, cash) · 現在 (げんざい, the present)
• Corpus example: この現象に関してはまだ物理的な説明がなされていない。 — There is not a physical explanation for this phenomenon yet. (Tatoeba 222072)
• Source: JMdict 1263750 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

現実 — げんじつ

noun · common word

• Meanings: reality; actuality; hard fact
• Furigana: 現(げん)実(じつ)
• Kanji: 現実
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,155 of ~351k · 10,438 occurrences across 5,379 videos
• Related: 現す (あらわす, to reveal) · 現れ (あらわれ, embodiment) · 現れる (あらわれる, to appear) · 現金 (げんきん, cash) · 現在 (げんざい, the present)
• Corpus example: いい加減に現実をみつめろ。 — Open your eyes to reality. (Tatoeba 229373)
• Source: JMdict 1263710 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

現状 — げんじょう

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
• Furigana: 現(げん)状(じょう)
• Kanji: 現状
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,618 of ~351k · 7,116 occurrences across 4,184 videos
• Related: 現す (あらわす, to reveal) · 現れ (あらわれ, embodiment) · 現れる (あらわれる, to appear) · 現金 (げんきん, cash) · 現在 (げんざい, the present)
• Source: JMdict 1263770 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

現代 — げんだい

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: present age; present day; today
• Also: modern era
• Furigana: 現(げん)代(だい)
• Kanji: 現代
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,105 of ~351k · 5,370 occurrences across 3,075 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 現す (あらわす, to reveal) · 現れ (あらわれ, embodiment) · 現れる (あらわれる, to appear) · 現金 (げんきん, cash) · 現在 (げんざい, the present)
• Corpus example: 私は現代の音楽はあまり好きではない事を認めます。 — I must admit I don't like much contemporary music. (Tatoeba 157249)
• Source: JMdict 1263810 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

現場 — げんば

noun · common word

• Meanings: actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.)
• Also: site; filming location
• Furigana: 現(げん)場(ば)
• Kanji: 現場
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,430 of ~351k · 8,280 occurrences across 4,182 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 現す (あらわす, to reveal) · 現れ (あらわれ, embodiment) · 現れる (あらわれる, to appear) · 現金 (げんきん, cash) · 現在 (げんざい, the present)
• Corpus example: 群衆が現場に群がった。 — A crowd gathered at the scene. (Tatoeba 176714)
• Source: JMdict 1263760 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

恋 — こい

noun · common word

• Meanings: love
• Furigana: 恋(こい)
• Kanji: 恋; rare/historical: 戀, 孤悲
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,945 of ~351k · 5,901 occurrences across 3,128 videos
• Related: 恋人 (こいびと, lover)
• Corpus example: それは片思いの恋だった。 — It was a one-sided love affair. (Tatoeba 204871)
• Source: JMdict 1558670 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

濃い — こい

い-adjective · common word

• Meanings: thick (consistency); dense
• Also: deep (colour); strong (flavour, smell, etc.); strong (possibility, etc.)
• Furigana: 濃(こ)い
• Kanji: 濃い
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,547 of ~351k · 7,561 occurrences across 4,692 videos
• Corpus example: 血は水よりも濃し。 — Blood is thicker than water. (Tatoeba 175710)
• Source: JMdict 1469890 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

恋人 — こいびと

noun · common word

• Meanings: lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
• Furigana: 恋(こい)人(びと)
• Kanji: 恋人
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,203 of ~351k · 2,209 occurrences across 1,148 videos
• Related: 恋 (こい, love)
• Corpus example: 私は恋人を「ダーリン」と呼びます。 — I call my sweetheart darling. (Tatoeba 152266)
• Source: JMdict 1558920 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

幸運 — こううん

noun; な-adjective · common word

• Meanings: good luck; fortune
• Furigana: 幸(こう)運(うん)
• Kanji: 幸運; rare/historical: 好運
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 5,877 of ~351k · 1,361 occurrences across 832 videos
• Related: 幸福 (こうふく, happiness) · 幸い (さいわい, luckily) · 幸せ (しあわせ, happiness) · 不幸 (ふこう, unhappiness)
• Antonyms: 不運
• Corpus example: 私達は幸運に小躍りして喜んだ。 — We exulted at our good fortune. (Tatoeba 151543)
• Source: JMdict 1592930 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

公演 — こうえん

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: public performance
• Also: exhibition in a foreign country
• Furigana: 公(こう)演(えん)
• Kanji: 公演
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,702 of ~351k · 2,605 occurrences across 1,029 videos
• Related: 公正 (こうせい, justice) · 公平 (こうへい, fairness)
• Source: JMdict 1273280 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

講演 — こうえん

noun; suru verb (する); transitive; intransitive · common word

• Meanings: lecture; address; speech
• Furigana: 講(こう)演(えん)
• Kanji: 講演
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,396 of ~351k · 2,076 occurrences across 988 videos
• Source: JMdict 1282240 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

効果 — こうか

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: effect; effectiveness; efficacy; result
• Also: effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
• Furigana: 効(こう)果(か)
• Kanji: 効果
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 473 of ~351k · 26,145 occurrences across 10,660 videos
• Related: 効く (きく, to be effective) · 有効 (ゆうこう, valid)
• Corpus example: 彼らがいくら弁解しても彼女には何の効果もなかった。 — Their excuses cut no ice with her. (Tatoeba 98777)
• Source: JMdict 1275130 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

硬貨 — こうか

noun · common word

• Meanings: coin
• Also: hard currency
• Furigana: 硬(こう)貨(か)
• Kanji: 硬貨
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 21,967 of ~351k · 169 occurrences across 77 videos
• Related: 硬い (かたい, hard)
• Corpus example: これらの硬貨はほとんど価値がない。 — These coins are of little value. (Tatoeba 217908)
• Source: JMdict 1280530 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

高価 — こうか

な-adjective; noun · common word

• Meanings: highly priced; expensive; valuable; costly
• Furigana: 高(こう)価(か)
• Kanji: 高価
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 6,284 of ~351k · 1,240 occurrences across 988 videos
• Related: 高速 (こうそく, high-speed) · 最高 (さいこう, highest) · 高まる (たかまる, to rise) · 高める (たかめる, to raise)
• Antonyms: 安価
• Corpus example: そんな高価な本は買えないよ。 — I can't buy a book this expensive. (Tatoeba 204133)
• Notes: The study list's gloss for this entry was a loose paraphrase; the dictionary meanings above are authoritative.
• Source: JMdict 1283300 · mapping: accepted-gloss-disagreement · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

後悔 — こうかい

noun; suru verb (する); transitive; intransitive; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: regret; repentance; remorse
• Furigana: 後(こう)悔(かい)
• Kanji: 後悔
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,860 of ~351k · 2,476 occurrences across 1,795 videos
• Related: 後者 (こうしゃ, the latter) · 後輩 (こうはい, junior (at work, school, etc.)) · 今後 (こんご, from now on) · 後 (ご, after) · 明後日 (みょうごにち, day after tomorrow)
• Corpus example: 今更後悔しても無駄だ。 — It's no use regretting it now. (Tatoeba 228554)
• Source: JMdict 1269510 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

航海 — こうかい

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: voyage; navigation; sailing; passage; cruise
• Furigana: 航(こう)海(かい)
• Kanji: 航海
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 11,812 of ~351k · 478 occurrences across 230 videos
• Related: 航空 (こうくう, aviation)
• Corpus example: そのヨットは順調に航海中だ。 — The yacht is under smooth sail. (Tatoeba 212461)
• Source: JMdict 1281250 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

交換 — こうかん

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: exchange; interchange; switching; reciprocity; barter
• Furigana: 交(こう)換(かん)
• Kanji: 交換
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,032 of ~351k · 11,547 occurrences across 5,073 videos
• Related: 外交 (がいこう, diplomacy) · 交際 (こうさい, company) · 交ざる (まざる, to be mixed) · 交じる (まじる, to be mixed) · 交ぜる (まぜる, to mix)
• Corpus example: あなたと席を交換しよう。 — Let me exchange seats with you. (Tatoeba 233824)
• Source: JMdict 1271750 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

航空 — こうくう

noun · common word

• Meanings: aviation; flying
• Furigana: 航(こう)空(くう)
• Kanji: 航空
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,272 of ~351k · 4,904 occurrences across 1,561 videos
• Related: 航海 (こうかい, voyage)
• Source: JMdict 1281270 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

光景 — こうけい

noun · common word

• Meanings: scene; spectacle; sight; view
• Furigana: 光(こう)景(けい)
• Kanji: 光景
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,685 of ~351k · 1,891 occurrences across 1,434 videos
• Related: 観光 (かんこう, sightseeing) · 日光 (にっこう, sunlight)
• Corpus example: その光景を見てぎょっとした。 — I was frightened at the sight. (Tatoeba 210776)
• Source: JMdict 1272950 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

貢献 — こうけん

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: contribution (furthering a goal or cause); services (to a cause)
• Also: paying tribute
• Furigana: 貢(こう)献(けん)
• Kanji: 貢献
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,325 of ~351k · 2,989 occurrences across 1,998 videos
• Source: JMdict 1282410 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

攻撃 — こうげき

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: attack; assault; raid; onslaught; offensive
• Also: criticism; cyber attack
• Furigana: 攻(こう)撃(げき)
• Kanji: 攻撃
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 395 of ~351k · 31,748 occurrences across 7,081 videos
• Related: 攻める (せめる, to attack) · 専攻 (せんこう, major subject)
• Antonyms: 守備
• Corpus example: 敵は夜に私達を攻撃した。 — The enemy attacked us at night. (Tatoeba 125307)
• Source: JMdict 1279170 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

広告 — こうこく

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: advertisement; advertising
• Also: announcement
• Furigana: 広(こう)告(こく)
• Kanji: 広告; rare/historical: 廣告
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,406 of ~351k · 4,553 occurrences across 1,849 videos
• Related: 広がる (ひろがる, to spread (out)) · 広げる (ひろげる, to spread) · 広まる (ひろまる, to spread) · 広める (ひろめる, to spread)
• Corpus example: その商品はテレビで広告された。 — The goods were advertised on TV. (Tatoeba 209302)
• Source: JMdict 1278510 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

交際 — こうさい

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: company; friendship; association; society; acquaintance
• Also: involvement
• Furigana: 交(こう)際(さい)
• Kanji: 交際
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,544 of ~351k · 949 occurrences across 496 videos
• Related: 外交 (がいこう, diplomacy) · 交換 (こうかん, exchange) · 交ざる (まざる, to be mixed) · 交じる (まじる, to be mixed) · 交ぜる (まぜる, to mix)
• Corpus example: その男は妻と交際し始めた。 — The man took up with his wife. (Tatoeba 208065)
• Source: JMdict 1271990 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

後者 — こうしゃ

noun · common word

• Meanings: the latter; the second
• Also: successor
• Furigana: 後(こう)者(しゃ)
• Kanji: 後者
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 11,349 of ~351k · 511 occurrences across 458 videos
• Related: 後悔 (こうかい, regret) · 後輩 (こうはい, junior (at work, school, etc.)) · 今後 (こんご, from now on) · 後 (ご, after) · 明後日 (みょうごにち, day after tomorrow)
• Corpus example: いくつかの点で、前者は後者よりも劣っていると彼は指摘した。 — He pointed out that the former was inferior to the latter in some respects. (Tatoeba 229192)
• Source: JMdict 1269720 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

校舎 — こうしゃ

noun · common word

• Meanings: school building; schoolhouse
• Furigana: 校(こう)舎(しゃ)
• Kanji: 校舎; rare/historical: 校しゃ
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 9,164 of ~351k · 709 occurrences across 404 videos
• Related: 転校 (てんこう, changing schools)
• Corpus example: ３ヶ月すれば、私たちの新しい校舎が完成するでしょう。 — It will be three months before our new school building is completed. (Tatoeba 235350)
• Source: JMdict 1279540 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

公正 — こうせい

noun; な-adjective · common word

• Meanings: justice; fairness; impartiality
• Furigana: 公(こう)正(せい)
• Kanji: 公正
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 9,297 of ~351k · 693 occurrences across 361 videos
• Related: 公演 (こうえん, public performance) · 公平 (こうへい, fairness)
• Source: JMdict 1274120 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

構成 — こうせい

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: composition; construction; formation; makeup; structure
• Furigana: 構(こう)成(せい)
• Kanji: 構成
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,506 of ~351k · 7,844 occurrences across 4,646 videos
• Related: 機構 (きこう, mechanism)
• Corpus example: 我々のヨットクラブは１０人のメンバーで構成されている。 — Our yacht club has ten members. (Tatoeba 186315)
• Source: JMdict 1279730 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

拘束 — こうそく

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: restriction; restraint; binding; constraint
• Furigana: 拘(こう)束(そく)
• Kanji: 拘束
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,009 of ~351k · 1,058 occurrences across 521 videos
• Source: JMdict 1279000 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

高速 — こうそく

な-adjective; attributive noun (の); noun · abbreviation · common word

• Meanings: high-speed; rapid; express
• Also: highway (abbreviation)
• Furigana: 高(こう)速(そく)
• Kanji: 高速
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,899 of ~351k · 6,072 occurrences across 3,015 videos
• Related: 高価 (こうか, highly priced) · 最高 (さいこう, highest) · 高まる (たかまる, to rise) · 高める (たかめる, to raise)
• Corpus example: 超高速がコンコルド機の特徴だ。 — Great speed is a feature of the Concorde. (Tatoeba 126012)
• Source: JMdict 1283700 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

行動 — こうどう

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization
• Furigana: 行(こう)動(どう)
• Kanji: 行動
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 680 of ~351k · 17,503 occurrences across 8,136 videos
• Related: 行き (いき, the way there) · 刊行 (かんこう, publication) · 慣行 (かんこう, customary practice) · 行儀 (ぎょうぎ, manners) · 決行 (けっこう, doing (with resolve))
• Source: JMdict 1282100 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

後輩 — こうはい

noun · common word

• Meanings: junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
• Furigana: 後(こう)輩(はい)
• Kanji: 後輩
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,752 of ~351k · 1,850 occurrences across 1,081 videos
• Related: 後悔 (こうかい, regret) · 後者 (こうしゃ, the latter) · 今後 (こんご, from now on) · 後 (ご, after) · 明後日 (みょうごにち, day after tomorrow)
• Corpus example: 彼は私より３年後輩です。 — He is my junior by three years. (Tatoeba 105649)
• Source: JMdict 1270010 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

荒廃 — こうはい

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: ruin; destruction; devastation; waste; decay
• Furigana: 荒(こう)廃(はい)
• Kanji: 荒廃
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 19,879 of ~351k · 203 occurrences across 157 videos
• Corpus example: その国は戦争で荒廃してしまった。 — The country was wasted by war. (Tatoeba 210588)
• Source: JMdict 1281620 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

工場 — こうば

noun · common word

• Meanings: factory; plant; mill; workshop
• Furigana: 工(こう)場(ば)
• Kanji: 工場
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,876 of ~351k · 6,172 occurrences across 2,756 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 人工 (じんこう, artificial)
• Source: JMdict 1578700 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

幸福 — こうふく

noun; な-adjective · common word

• Meanings: happiness; well-being; joy; welfare; blessedness
• Furigana: 幸(こう)福(ふく)
• Kanji: 幸福
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,436 of ~351k · 2,862 occurrences across 1,154 videos
• Related: 幸運 (こううん, good luck) · 幸い (さいわい, luckily) · 幸せ (しあわせ, happiness) · 不幸 (ふこう, unhappiness)
• Source: JMdict 1278400 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

降伏 — こうふく

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: surrender; capitulation; submission
• Also: yield
• Furigana: 降(こう)伏(ふく)
• Kanji: 降伏; rare/historical: 降服
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 15,881 of ~351k · 299 occurrences across 171 videos
• Related: 降ろす (おろす, to take down)
• Corpus example: 降伏するくらいなら死んだほうが増しだ。 — I would rather die than yield. (Tatoeba 173267)
• Source: JMdict 1282940 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

興奮 — こうふん

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
• Furigana: 興(こう)奮(ふん)
• Kanji: 興奮; rare/historical: 昂奮, 亢奮
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,929 of ~351k · 2,424 occurrences across 1,642 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 振興 (しんこう, promotion) · 新興 (しんこう, rising)
• Source: JMdict 1238380 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

公平 — こうへい

noun; な-adjective · common word

• Meanings: fairness; impartiality; justice; objectivity
• Furigana: 公(こう)平(へい)
• Kanji: 公平
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 6,849 of ~351k · 1,094 occurrences across 700 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 公演 (こうえん, public performance) · 公正 (こうせい, justice)
• Source: JMdict 1274640 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

候補 — こうほ

noun · common word

• Meanings: candidacy; candidature; nomination
• Also: candidate
• Furigana: 候(こう)補(ほ)
• Kanji: 候補; rare/historical: 侯補
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,125 of ~351k · 5,318 occurrences across 2,498 videos
• Related: 気候 (きこう, climate) · 天候 (てんこう, weather)
• Source: JMdict 1272730 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

考慮 — こうりょ

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: consideration; taking into account
• Furigana: 考(こう)慮(りょ)
• Kanji: 考慮
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,838 of ~351k · 2,493 occurrences across 1,925 videos
• Related: 考え (かんがえ, thinking) · 参考 (さんこう, reference) · 選考 (せんこう, selection)
• Corpus example: 彼らに同行しようかと考慮中です。 — I'm considering going with them. (Tatoeba 98603)
• Source: JMdict 1281170 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

超える — こえる

ichidan verb (る-verb); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to pass over (out of); to go beyond
• Also: to exceed
• Furigana: 超(こ)える
• Kanji: 超える, 越える
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 661 of ~351k · 17,933 occurrences across 10,578 videos
• Related: 越す (こす, to cross over (e.g. mountain)) · 引越し (ひっこし, moving (dwelling, office, etc.))
• Source: JMdict 1593070 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

越える — こえる

ichidan verb (る-verb); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to pass over (out of); to go beyond
• Also: to exceed
• Furigana: 越(こ)える
• Kanji: 越える, 超える
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 661 of ~351k · 17,933 occurrences across 10,578 videos
• Related: 越す (こす, to cross over (e.g. mountain)) · 引越し (ひっこし, moving (dwelling, office, etc.))
• Source: JMdict 1593070 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

氷 — こおり

noun · common word

• Meanings: ice
• Also: shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
• Furigana: 氷(こおり)
• Kanji: 氷; rare/historical: 凍り
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,499 of ~351k · 4,360 occurrences across 2,033 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Source: JMdict 1488840 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

凍る — こおる

godan verb (る); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to freeze; to become frozen; to freeze over
• Furigana: 凍(こお)る
• Kanji: 凍る; rare/historical: 氷る
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 5,183 of ~351k · 1,641 occurrences across 1,059 videos
• Source: JMdict 1593100 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

呼吸 — こきゅう

noun; suru verb (する); transitive; intransitive · common word

• Meanings: breathing; respiration
• Also: knack; harmony; short interval
• Furigana: 呼(こ)吸(きゅう)
• Kanji: 呼吸
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,797 of ~351k · 6,486 occurrences across 2,415 videos
• Corpus example: 酸素は私たちが呼吸すると肺の中に取り込まれる。 — Oxygen is taken into our lungs when we breathe. (Tatoeba 169299)
• Source: JMdict 1266470 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

故郷 — こきょう

noun · common word

• Meanings: hometown; birthplace; native place; one's old home
• Furigana: 故(こ)郷(きょう)
• Kanji: 故郷
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,016 of ~351k · 1,057 occurrences across 736 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 故人 (こじん, the deceased)
• Source: JMdict 2853884 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

国語 — こくご

noun · common word

• Meanings: national language
• Also: Japanese language; one's native language; native Japanese words
• Furigana: 国(こく)語(ご)
• Kanji: 国語; rare/historical: 國語
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 9,255 of ~351k · 698 occurrences across 394 videos
• Related: 国籍 (こくせき, nationality) · 国民 (こくみん, people (of a country)) · 国家 (こっか, state) · 国会 (こっかい, National Diet) · 国境 (こっきょう, border (between countries))
• Source: JMdict 1286370 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

国籍 — こくせき

noun · common word

• Meanings: nationality; citizenship
• Also: nationality (ship, airplane, etc.)
• Furigana: 国(こく)籍(せき)
• Kanji: 国籍
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 9,034 of ~351k · 724 occurrences across 401 videos
• Related: 国語 (こくご, national language) · 国民 (こくみん, people (of a country)) · 国家 (こっか, state) · 国会 (こっかい, National Diet) · 国境 (こっきょう, border (between countries))
• Corpus example: 我々の真の国籍は人類である。 — Our true nationality is mankind. (Tatoeba 186246)
• Source: JMdict 1286780 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

黒板 — こくばん

noun · common word

• Meanings: blackboard
• Furigana: 黒(こく)板(ばん)
• Kanji: 黒板
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 13,558 of ~351k · 383 occurrences across 228 videos
• Corpus example: 黒板に書きますね。 — I'll write it on the blackboard. (Tatoeba 159712)
• Source: JMdict 1288080 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

克服 — こくふく

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: conquest (of a difficulty, illness, crisis, etc.); overcoming; surmounting; bringing under control
• Furigana: 克(こく)服(ふく)
• Kanji: 克服
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,112 of ~351k · 1,034 occurrences across 727 videos
• Corpus example: 彼は多くの困難を克服した。 — He has overcome many obstacles. (Tatoeba 102591)
• Source: JMdict 1285790 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

国民 — こくみん

noun · abbreviation · common word

• Meanings: people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
• Also: Democratic Party for the People (abbreviation)
• Furigana: 国(こく)民(みん)
• Kanji: 国民
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,011 of ~351k · 11,709 occurrences across 3,565 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 国語 (こくご, national language) · 国籍 (こくせき, nationality) · 国家 (こっか, state) · 国会 (こっかい, National Diet) · 国境 (こっきょう, border (between countries))
• Corpus example: 国民は歓呼して彼を国王に迎えた。 — The people acclaimed him King. (Tatoeba 173026)
• Source: JMdict 1287070 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

穀物 — こくもつ

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: grain; cereal; corn
• Furigana: 穀(こく)物(もつ)
• Kanji: 穀物
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 11,154 of ~351k · 524 occurrences across 284 videos
• Source: JMdict 1287280 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

個々 — ここ

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: individual; one by one; separate; each
• Furigana: 個(こ)々(こ)
• Kanji: 個々; rare/historical: 個個, 箇々, 箇箇
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,377 of ~351k · 982 occurrences across 783 videos
• Related: 個人 (こじん, individual)
• Source: JMdict 1593190 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

腰 — こし

noun · common word

• Meanings: lower back; waist; hips; lumbar region
• Also: body (of hair, noodles, paper, etc.)
• Furigana: 腰(こし)
• Kanji: 腰
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,521 of ~351k · 7,742 occurrences across 3,844 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: 腰に持病があります。 — I have back problems. (Tatoeba 2302994)
• Notes: This reading has other homographs in the dictionary; the entry above is the sense matching the study list.
• Source: JMdict 1288340 · mapping: accepted · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

胡椒 — こしょう

noun · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: pepper
• Furigana: 胡(こ)椒(しょう)
• Kanji: 胡椒
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,927 of ~351k · 1,765 occurrences across 1,011 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: コショウを入れすぎたね。 — You put far too much pepper in it. (Tatoeba 224217)
• Source: JMdict 1267600 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

個人 — こじん

noun · common word

• Meanings: individual; private person; personal; private
• Also: natural person
• Furigana: 個(こ)人(じん)
• Kanji: 個人
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 595 of ~351k · 19,994 occurrences across 10,857 videos
• Related: 個々 (ここ, individual)
• Corpus example: この部屋は個人専用です。 — This room is for individual use. (Tatoeba 220002)
• Source: JMdict 1264770 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

故人 — こじん

noun · dated · common word

• Meanings: the deceased; the departed
• Also: old friend (dated)
• Furigana: 故(こ)人(じん)
• Kanji: 故人
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 25,487 of ~351k · 129 occurrences across 87 videos
• Related: 故郷 (こきょう, hometown)
• Source: JMdict 1267190 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

超す — こす

godan verb (す); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across
• Also: to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass
• Furigana: 超(こ)す
• Kanji: 超す, 越す
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,668 of ~351k · 3,976 occurrences across 2,986 videos
• Related: 越える (こえる, to cross over) · 引越し (ひっこし, moving (dwelling, office, etc.))
• Corpus example: 船は今夜赤道を越すだろう。 — The ship will cross the equator tonight. (Tatoeba 141122)
• Source: JMdict 1175300 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

越す — こす

godan verb (す); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across
• Also: to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass
• Furigana: 越(こ)す
• Kanji: 越す, 超す
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,668 of ~351k · 3,976 occurrences across 2,986 videos
• Related: 越える (こえる, to cross over) · 引越し (ひっこし, moving (dwelling, office, etc.))
• Source: JMdict 1175300 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

小銭 — こぜに

noun · common word

• Meanings: small change; pocket change; coins
• Also: small sum of money
• Furigana: 小(こ)銭(ぜに)
• Kanji: 小銭
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 13,026 of ~351k · 407 occurrences across 253 videos
• Related: 小包 (こづつみ, parcel) · 小麦 (こむぎ, wheat) · 小屋 (こや, hut) · 小 (しょう, smallness)
• Corpus example: 私は小銭の持ち合わせがない。 — I have no small change on me. (Tatoeba 155891)
• Source: JMdict 1348470 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

国家 — こっか

noun · common word

• Meanings: state; country; nation
• Furigana: 国(こっ)家(か)
• Kanji: 国家; rare/historical: 國家
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,001 of ~351k · 5,703 occurrences across 2,701 videos
• Related: 国語 (こくご, national language) · 国籍 (こくせき, nationality) · 国民 (こくみん, people (of a country)) · 国会 (こっかい, National Diet) · 国境 (こっきょう, border (between countries))
• Corpus example: 同じ事が国家についても当てはまる。 — The same is true of the nation. (Tatoeba 123700)
• Source: JMdict 1286170 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

国会 — こっかい

noun · abbreviation · common word

• Meanings: National Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1947-)
• Also: Imperial Diet (abbreviation); legislative assembly
• Furigana: 国(こっ)会(かい)
• Kanji: 国会
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,962 of ~351k · 3,480 occurrences across 1,311 videos
• Related: 国語 (こくご, national language) · 国籍 (こくせき, nationality) · 国民 (こくみん, people (of a country)) · 国家 (こっか, state) · 国境 (こっきょう, border (between countries))
• Corpus example: 火曜日に国会が開かれる。 — The Diet will meet on Tuesday. (Tatoeba 186646)
• Source: JMdict 1286240 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

国境 — こっきょう

noun · common word

• Meanings: border (between countries); national border
• Furigana: 国(こっ)境(きょう)
• Kanji: 国境; rare/historical: 国界, 国ざかい, 国境い
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 6,553 of ~351k · 1,169 occurrences across 658 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 国語 (こくご, national language) · 国籍 (こくせき, nationality) · 国民 (こくみん, people (of a country)) · 国家 (こっか, state) · 国会 (こっかい, National Diet)
• Source: JMdict 1286320 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

骨折 — こっせつ

noun; suru verb (する); transitive · common word

• Meanings: bone fracture
• Furigana: 骨(こっ)折(せつ)
• Kanji: 骨折
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 8,671 of ~351k · 768 occurrences across 432 videos
• Related: 骨 (ほね, bone)
• Source: JMdict 1288640 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

小包 — こづつみ

noun · common word

• Meanings: parcel; package
• Furigana: 小(こ)包(づつみ)
• Kanji: 小包; rare/historical: 小包み
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): less frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 52,798 of ~351k · 28 occurrences across 20 videos
• Related: 小銭 (こぜに, small change) · 小麦 (こむぎ, wheat) · 小屋 (こや, hut) · 小 (しょう, smallness)
• Corpus example: この小包を船便で送ってください。 — Please send this parcel by surface mail. (Tatoeba 221135)
• Source: JMdict 1593290 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

琴 — こと

noun · archaic · common word

• Meanings: koto
• Also: stringed instrument (archaic); zheng
• Furigana: 琴(こと)
• Kanji: 琴; rare/historical: 箏, 筝
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 14,342 of ~351k · 351 occurrences across 164 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: 彼女は琴を弾くことがとても好きだ。 — She likes to play the koto very much. (Tatoeba 89198)
• Source: JMdict 1241450 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

異なる — ことなる

godan verb (る); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
• Furigana: 異(こと)なる
• Kanji: 異なる; rare/historical: 異る
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,755 of ~351k · 6,645 occurrences across 4,671 videos
• Related: 異 (い, difference (of opinion)) · 異常 (いじょう, abnormal) · 異動 (いどう, change)
• Corpus example: 彼らの意見は私のとは異なっている。 — Their opinions differ from mine. (Tatoeba 98559)
• Source: JMdict 1157510 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

ことによると

expression · usually kana

• Meanings: possibly; maybe; perhaps
• Kanji: usually written in kana; rare/historical: 事によると
• Related: 家事 (かじ, family affairs) · 記事 (きじ, article) · 刑事 (けいじ, detective) · 事件 (じけん, event) · 事実 (じじつ, fact)
• Corpus example: ことによると、きみにも一緒にきてもらう。 — Maybe you'd better come with us. (Tatoeba 224093)
• Notes: Kana-only headword. The study list's gloss for this entry was a loose paraphrase; the dictionary meanings above are authoritative.
• Source: JMdict 2773660 · mapping: accepted-gloss-disagreement · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

諺 — ことわざ

noun · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: proverb; saying; aphorism; maxim
• Furigana: 諺(ことわざ)
• Kanji: 諺
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): moderately frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 13,092 of ~351k · 404 occurrences across 275 videos
• Corpus example: このことわざが使われるのを聞いた事があります。 — I have heard this proverb used. (Tatoeba 223759)
• Source: JMdict 1264600 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

断る — ことわる

godan verb (る); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to refuse; to reject; to dismiss; to turn down; to decline
• Also: to inform; to ask leave
• Furigana: 断(ことわ)る
• Kanji: 断る; rare/historical: 断わる
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 3,327 of ~351k · 2,985 occurrences across 1,954 videos
• Related: 横断 (おうだん, crossing (a road, river, etc.)) · 断つ (たつ, to sever) · 判断 (はんだん, judgment)
• Corpus example: なぜ彼の申し出を断ったのですか。 — Why did you turn down his offer? (Tatoeba 199149)
• Source: JMdict 1419570 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

粉 — こな

noun · slang · common word

• Meanings: flour; meal; powder; dust
• Also: heroin (slang)
• Furigana: 粉(こな)
• Kanji: 粉
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,878 of ~351k · 6,157 occurrences across 2,847 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Corpus example: この小麦は粉にされる。 — This wheat is made into flour. (Tatoeba 221141)
• Source: JMdict 1504770 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

好み — このみ

noun; attributive noun (の) · common word

• Meanings: liking; taste; fancy; fondness
• Also: wish
• Furigana: 好(この)み
• Kanji: 好み
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,914 of ~351k · 6,011 occurrences across 4,245 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 好む (このむ, to like) · 友好 (ゆうこう, friendship)
• Source: JMdict 1277500 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

好む — このむ

godan verb (む); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to like; to prefer
• Furigana: 好(この)む
• Kanji: 好む
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,772 of ~351k · 1,837 occurrences across 1,455 videos
• Related: 好み (このみ, liking) · 友好 (ゆうこう, friendship)
• Source: JMdict 1277520 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

こぼす

godan verb (す); transitive · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: to spill; to drop; to shed (tears)
• Also: to grumble (about) (usually kana); to let (one's feelings) show (usually kana)
• Kanji: usually written in kana; rare/historical: 零す, 溢す, 翻す, 棄す
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 9,423 of ~351k · 680 occurrences across 545 videos
• Corpus example: 私はコーヒーをじゅうたんにこぼしてしまった。 — I spilled my coffee on the carpet. (Tatoeba 161071)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1557640 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

こぼれる

ichidan verb (る-verb); intransitive · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: to spill; to fall out of; to overflow
• Also: to peek through; to escape (of a smile, tear, etc.)
• Kanji: 零れる; rare/historical: 溢れる
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 8,971 of ~351k · 732 occurrences across 567 videos
• Corpus example: コーヒーがこぼれましたよ。 — You've spilt your coffee. (Tatoeba 224944)
• Notes: Kana-only headword. This reading has other homographs in the dictionary; the entry above is the sense matching the study list.
• Source: JMdict 1557650 · mapping: accepted · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

小麦 — こむぎ

noun · common word

• Meanings: wheat
• Furigana: 小(こ)麦(むぎ)
• Kanji: 小麦
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 4,273 of ~351k · 2,168 occurrences across 1,030 videos
• Related: 小銭 (こぜに, small change) · 小包 (こづつみ, parcel) · 小屋 (こや, hut) · 小 (しょう, smallness)
• Source: JMdict 1348630 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

小屋 — こや

noun · common word

• Meanings: hut; cabin; shed; pen
• Also: small theatre (theater); one's own house (humble)
• Furigana: 小(こ)屋(や)
• Kanji: 小屋
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 2,899 of ~351k · 3,587 occurrences across 1,502 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 小銭 (こぜに, small change) · 小包 (こづつみ, parcel) · 小麦 (こむぎ, wheat) · 小 (しょう, smallness)
• Corpus example: 遠くに小屋が見えた。 — I saw a cottage in the distance. (Tatoeba 188685)
• Source: JMdict 1347830 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

これら

pronoun · usually kana · common word

• Meanings: these
• Kanji: これ等; rare/historical: 此等, 是等, 之等, 此れ等
• Related: 上等 (じょうとう, superior) · 等しい (ひとしい, equal) · 平等 (びょうどう, equality)
• Corpus example: これらのクッキーは星の形をしている。 — These cookies are star-shaped. (Tatoeba 217990)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1004830 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

殺す — ころす

godan verb (す); transitive · common word

• Meanings: to kill; to slay; to murder; to slaughter
• Also: to suppress; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to put out (a runner)
• Furigana: 殺(ころ)す
• Kanji: 殺す
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 1,128 of ~351k · 10,685 occurrences across 3,986 videos
• Related: 自殺 (じさつ, suicide)
• Corpus example: おまえはオレを殺そうとしている。 — You are trying to kill me. (Tatoeba 227533)
• Source: JMdict 1299030 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

転ぶ — ころぶ

godan verb (ぶ); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: to fall down; to fall over
• Also: to turn out; to abandon Christianity; to roll
• Furigana: 転(ころ)ぶ
• Kanji: 転ぶ
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 6,247 of ~351k · 1,250 occurrences across 886 videos — frequency is for the written form; TUBELEX aggregates its readings
• Related: 運転 (うんてん, driving (a vehicle)) · 転校 (てんこう, changing schools)
• Corpus example: 転んで手首を痛めました。 — I fell down and hurt my wrist. (Tatoeba 124958)
• Source: JMdict 1582130 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

今回 — こんかい

noun; adverb · common word

• Meanings: this time; now
• Furigana: 今(こん)回(かい)
• Kanji: 今回
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 111 of ~351k · 142,930 occurrences across 47,880 videos
• Related: 今に (いまに, before long) · 今にも (いまにも, at any moment (now)) · 今後 (こんご, from now on) · 今日 (こんにち, today)
• Corpus example: 今回はしくじれないぞ。 — You cannot fail this time. (Tatoeba 172500)
• Source: JMdict 1289070 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

今後 — こんご

noun; adverb · common word

• Meanings: from now on; hereafter
• Furigana: 今(こん)後(ご)
• Kanji: 今後
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): very frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 538 of ~351k · 22,491 occurrences across 12,853 videos
• Related: 今に (いまに, before long) · 今にも (いまにも, at any moment (now)) · 今回 (こんかい, this time) · 今日 (こんにち, today)
• Corpus example: 今後気をつけなくてはなりません。 — You must be careful from now on. (Tatoeba 172420)
• Source: JMdict 1289140 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

混雑 — こんざつ

noun; suru verb (する); intransitive · common word

• Meanings: congestion; crush; crowding; jam
• Also: confusion
• Furigana: 混(こん)雑(ざつ)
• Kanji: 混雑
• Everyday frequency (TUBELEX): frequent in contemporary everyday-language frequency data (TUBELEX) · rank 7,729 of ~351k · 917 occurrences across 627 videos
• Related: 混乱 (こんらん, disorder) · 混ざる (まざる, to be mixed) · 混じる (まじる, to be mixed) · 混ぜる (まぜる, to mix)
• Corpus example: その道は車で混雑している。 — The roads are jammed with cars. (Tatoeba 207425)
• Source: JMdict 1290390 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

こんなに

adverb · common word

• Meanings: so; like this; in this way; this much; to this extent
• Corpus example: どうして帰りがこんなに遅くなったの。 — Why did you come home so late? (Tatoeba 201483)
• Notes: Kana-only headword.
• Source: JMdict 1004890 · N3 membership: Tanos N3 list (batch 7)

Scope

This batch contains 100 headword entries. Batches 1–22 contain 2,139 entries extracted from the canonical Tanos/community N3 vocabulary dataset. The N3 list builds upon N5 and N4 prerequisites.